US warned of Afghan air force collapse
Report: Unit unable to withstand withdrawal
KABUL, Afghanistan – Months before President Joe Biden announced the complete withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan last year, Washington’s watchdog warned that the Afghan air force would collapse without critical American aid, training and maintenance. The report was declassified Tuesday.
The report by the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction John Sopko, submitted to the Department of Defense in January 2021, underscores that American authorities had been alerted that Afghanistan’s air force did not have the capabilities to survive after a U.S. withdrawal. In particular, the report points to U.S. failure to train Afghan support staff, leaving the air force unable to maintain its aircraft without American contractors.
U.S. air support to government forces was key in the 20-year-war against Taliban insurgents. Its removal, along with the inability of the Afghan air force to fill the void, was a factor that contributed to the Taliban’s sweeping victory as the
Americans withdrew.
The inspector general’s office said Monday that it is rare for SIGAR reports to be classified but when they are, a declassified version is issued by the Pentagon in under two months.
SIGAR has tracked and documented Washington’s spending and progress in Afghanistan since the office was established in 2008. It has released successive reports that documented corruption, Afghan and U.S. leadership failings and weaknesses within the Afghan army, offering recommendations on where to improve.
Since the 2001 U.s-led invasion that ousted the Taliban and during the long war that ensued, Washington spent more than $145 billion on reconstruction in Afghanistan and nearly $1 trillion on its military engagement. Billions went to building up the Afghan military forces.
Biden announced in April that the last 2,500 to 3,500 U.S. troops would leave along with NATO’S 7,500 troops, following a deal reached with the Taliban by the Trump administration. The announcement started a rapid collapse of the Afghan defense forces.
The Taliban’s sweep through the country was swift, with many areas falling without a fight as Afghan troops fled, many of whom had not received their salaries from the Afghan government in months. Afghan warplanes continued to hit Taliban positions in some areas in June and July last year, but it was not enough to stem the tide.
The Taliban entered Kabul on Aug. 15 after U.s.-backed President Ashraf Ghani fled the capital.
In the preceding months, Afghan officials had warned that the air force was not able to stand on its own. Ata Mohammed Noor, a powerful warlord in northern Afghanistan who was a key U.S. ally in the 2001 defeat of the Taliban, said the fleet was overused and under-maintained.
“Most of the planes are back on the ground. They cannot fly and most of them are out of ammunition,” he said.
The newly declassified SIGAR report says that from 2010 to 2019, the U.S. spent $8.5 billion “to support and develop” the Afghan air force and its elite unit, the Special Mission Wing. But the report warns that both are illprepared. It also warns against removing the hundreds of U.S. contractors who maintained the aircraft fleet.
According to the report, NATO and the U.S. switched in 2019 from building the air force to making sure it had a chance at long-term survival.
But Sopko gave their efforts a failing grade.