Inflation wipes out pay raises

Wages remain stagnant despite nation’s economic growth

Washington — Rising prices have erased U.S. workers’ meager wage gains, the latest sign strong economic growth has not translated into greater prosperity for most middle- and working-class Americans.

Cost of living was up 2.9 percent from July 2017 to July 2018, the Labor Department reported Friday, an inflation rate that outstripped a 2.7 percent increase in wages over the same period. The average U.S. “real wage,” a federal measure of pay that takes inflation into account, fell to $10.76 an hour last month, 2 cents down from where it was a year ago.

The stagnant pay comes despite accelerating U.S. growth, which has increased in the past year and topped 4 percent in the second quarter of 2018 — the highest rate since mid-2014.

The lack of raises have befuddled economists and policymakers, who hoped that after job openings hit record highs and the unemployment rate dipped to the lowest level in decades, employers would give beefy raises to attract and retain employees. But so far, gains have been slight, and small recent increases are now being eclipsed by rising prices.

Inflation hit a six-year high this summer, driven in part by a jump in energy costs. The price of a gallon of gas has increased 50 cents in the past year, up to a national average of $2.87, according to AAA. Some analysts expect the climb in energy prices to halt soon, which should bring the overall inflation rate down as well and possibly lift real wages slightly.

Consumers are also paying more for housing, health care and car insurance, the federal government reported Friday. Additional price hikes could be coming as President Donald Trump’s new tariffs boost prices of cheap imported products U.S. consumers rely on. And many economist warn that growth might have peaked for this expansion.

The combination of rising prices and stagnant wages poses a problem for Trump, who campaigned on promises of jobs and raises for the working-class Americans he called “the forgotten

men and women of our country.” But delivering prosperity for those workers has proven difficult for Trump, as it was for former Presidents Barack Obama and George W. Bush.

Trump’s top economic advisers argue that it’s unwise to focus too much on one measure of wage growth. Other metrics have shown stronger pay gains. The Atlanta Federal Reserve’s wage tracker, which does not take inflation into account, is showing 3.2 percent wage growth over the past year, and White House officials promise further gains are coming soon.

“We’re close to full employment,” said Kevin Hassett, chairman of Trump’s Council of Economic Advisers, who added that businesses are making new investments in the United States, which should increase workers’ productivity and pay in the coming years. “All of the preconditions are there for wage growth north of 4 percent.”

Hassett said many lower-skilled workers have re-entered the labor force in recent months, an encouraging sign, but also a trend that might be holding down average pay since many of these workers cannot command high pay right away.

Thus far, however, the benefits of a strong economy gains appears to have gone to highpaid workers, stock market investors and corporations. The stock market hit record highs earlier this year. Corporations, benefiting from a historic Republican cut to the corporate tax rate passed in December, have seen profits soar. Second-quarter earnings are up more than 20 percent over last year among companies that have reported so far, according to FactSet, a financial data tracker.

Within the workforce, gains have been uneven, even as unemployment fell from a peak of 10 percent in October 2009 to the current 3.9 percent in July.

Workers at the top tenth of the U.S. pay scale saw their wages jump 6.7 percent from 2009 to 2017, according to the left-leaning Economic Policy Institute. Workers in the bottom 10 percent saw a boost of 7.7 percent, largely the result of a slew of minimum wage increases passed on the city and state level. But for those in the middle, wages have been flat or even slightly down.

(Wage data broken out by income group for 2018 was not available, but EPI economist Elise Gould said all signs indicate the trends have continued.)

Workers as a whole are getting a smaller share of the gains than they did the past. In the last boom era of the late 1990s, labor was getting more than 82 percent of corporate-sector income, according to EPI. Today it’s under 77 percent.

Some estimate the frustration stretches back even farther. Pew Research wrote in a report this week that, “despite some ups and downs over the past several decades, today’s real average wage has about the same purchasing power it did 40 years ago.”

“We are nearly a decade into the recovery and we’re still arguing about whether or not we’re seeing meaningful gains in wages. That should be a given at this point in the cycle,” said Lindsey Piegza, chief economist at Stifel, an investment firm.

Numerous polls and surveys say Americans are feeling more confident about the economy and their ability to get a job, but many workers are wondering why their paychecks aren’t higher at a time when so much in the economy seems to be going well.

“I’m just a regular Joe, but I see that Fortune 500 companies are raking it in and the stock market is at an all-time high. Pay should be going up, too,” said Morris Tate, at 36-year-old who works for a logistics company in North Carolina.

There is no consensus explanation for why wage gains have failed to materialize.

Some economists think it’s an aftereffect of the Great Recession, when workers were grateful to be employed and hesitant to agitate for more earnings at a time when they could be replaced by the glut of unemployed people looking for work. Now, with employers struggling to fill open positions, many employees have either not realized their newfound leverage or been hesitant to use it, according to Gould.

“Workers don’t feel like they have the power to ask for higher wages and employers still feel like they don’t have to pay more,” she said.

Other economists says a lack of productivity growth is to blame for low pay since employers don’t want to pay more if workers aren’t producing more. Some experts also point out that benefits like health care have been climbing in cost, meaning some employers may be paying more for benefits even though they are holding down hourly pay.

Absent raises, workers are opting to work more hours to stay afloat. The Labor Department reported that Americans are putting in more time on the job this summer versus last summer, which is helping to keep family earnings about the same for now.

Penny Harford, a 67-yearold in Filer, Idaho, thought she would be retired by now. Instead, she’s working two part-time jobs at retail stores. She took on the second job last year as energy prices started to climb and she realized she needed more hours to pay bills.

Harford says she prides herself on being “budget conscious,” adding she cooks her meals at home and won’t use credit cards. But she says that, with one job paying $12.65 an hour and the other paying $11, it’s hard to get ahead.

“I was talking with my co-workers yesterday,” she said. “We’re all desperate for more hours because we can’t make it.”

Inflation hit a six-year high this summer, driven in part by a jump in energy costs. The price of a gallon of gas has increased 50 cents in the past year, up to a national average of $2.87, according to AAA.