The budget deal ends an era of spending restraint that had gripped the federal government for most of this decade.

The massive infusion of cash approved by Congress early Friday morning is slated to lift the budgets of federal agencies and the Pentagon far beyond what they were at the start of the Trump presidency, ending the era of restraint that had gripped the federal government for most of this decade.

The deal, signed into law by President Donald Trump, will pump more than $500 billion over two years into domestic agencies and the Pentagon, the biggest increase in spending in almost a decade. It ends months of budget squabbles and provides far greater certainty for the government officials responsible for the military, disaster relief and the nation’s domestic agencies.

Pentagon leaders welcomed a 10 percent jump in funding to $700 billion this year and $716 billion the following year, which they say will help arrest an alarming decline in the country’s military readiness.

Domestic agencies looked forward to a roughly 10 percent jump in nondefense spending — to $591 billion this year and $605 billion next — that will be used to buttress health programs, veterans’ hospitals, college affordability programs and child care for poor children.

The deal also addresses urgent priorities, including better funding to manage the opioid crisis and help Americans affected by last year’s natural disasters.

The deal represents a sharp break from the era of austerity and government restraint, which began when Republicans forced President Barack Obama to accept rigid budget caps that limited federal spending.

Republicans’ decision Friday, supported by Democrats, to effectively bust those caps, with few offsets, suggests that the attitude toward government spending in Washington has fundamentally changed.

Still, some argued that the respite from budget crises would prove temporary given lawmakers’ decision to push up the deficit to pass the budget deal.

The Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget projects that the United States will have a $1 trillion budget deficit by next year and continue with that number for years to come. It is unusual for the government to have such a high deficit during a time of economic prosperity.

“We couldn’t be enacting a stupider policy. There is no economic justification for this,” said Maya MacGuineas, president of CRFB. “It’s fiscally dangerous, but politicians are willing to trade their favorite priorities for someone else’s and put it all on a credit card.”

Military leaders had complained for years that the spending caps were making it more difficult for the Pentagon to upgrade its technology and equipment to meet 21st century demands, while tight budgets forced the military to slash essential tasks such as pilot training or ship maintenance.

“No enemy in the field has done more to harm the readiness of the U.S. military than the combination of” budget caps and temporary funding resolutions, Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said earlier this week.

Analysts said the deal is likely to alleviate the military’s concerns.

“The defense hawks got everything they wanted in this deal,” said Todd Harrison, a budget expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. “This certainly gives the Defense Department all of the funding it could possibly expect.”

But there’s concern that the largesse could lead to a lack of fiscal discipline within the military’s ranks.

Aside from the military, the package delivers big chunks of money to aid those stricken by natural disasters, health-care programs that Congress had left unfunded and a slew of other government priorities that range from $1.1 billion for dairy farmers to $20 billion in new infrastructure projects.

About $16 billion of nearly $90 billion in disaster relief money will go to Puerto Rico. The allocation is still short of the $94 billion that Puerto Rico Gov. Ricardo Rosselló said is necessary to help the island recover from Hurricane Maria.

The spending deal does not detail where the money will go. Congressional appropriators are expected to come up with a more detailed budget that Congress can approve by March.