Great Pacific Garbage Patch is getting bigger

Twice the size of Texas, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is as much as 16 times larger than previously thought — carrying about 79,000 metric tons of plastic — according to scientists who performed a survey.

The discovery, published in the journal Scientific Reports, reveals that this plastic blight in the Pacific Ocean is still growing at what the researchers called an “exponential” pace.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, or GPGP for short, is an accumulation of plastic products that has collected in the eastern Pacific Ocean between California and Hawaii. Much of it is hidden from the naked eye, partly because some of the plastic has been broken down into smaller and smaller bits over time. (It is not, as its name may suggest, an island.) The concentration of floating plastic in the patch ranges from tens to hundreds of pounds per square mile.

“It’s quite frightening because we are so far from any mainland or island,” said lead author Laurent Lebreton, an oceanographer with the Ocean Cleanup Foundation based in the Netherlands. Out in the stretch of these blue seas, the plastic is a jarring reminder of human impact.

This is just one of many large garbage patches in the ocean, seeded and fed by humans manufacturing and quickly discarding plastic products. Plastics are meant to last, and that’s great for carrying your groceries in thin bags or holding a sixpack. It’s not so great when those plastics end up in the guts of sea turtles or strangle birds. Recent studies show that biofouled plastic can attract fish and seabirds and end up in the food chain. While the full effects aren’t known, scientists worry that this can lead to malnutrition and other problems. Large or small, plastics of all sizes can harm ocean life.

Researchers have tried to get a handle on how big of a problem the garbage patch is by dragging nets through parts of the patch and sampling the plastic they find. But this only gives a partial view. For one thing, even a team of boats can see only so much. For another, the net samplers they use are often too small to catch larger debris.

Lebreton and his colleagues decided to take a bird’s-eye view. They conducted aerial surveys of the patch while also sending boats to sample the debris and bring it all back to shore for analysis.

Previous accounts of the debris have focused on the amount of tiny plastics in the patch. While microplastics did make up 94 percent of the estimated 1.8 trillion pieces in the patch, they accounted for only 8 percent of the total mass. More than three-quarters of the 79,000 metric tons of junk actually came from larger fragments.

Part of the reason that larger plastics outweighed the other categories lay in all the fishing nets that accounted for 46 percent of the garbage patch’s mass.