Facebook moves to limit chaos of misinformation
SAN FRANCISCO » Facebook on Thursday moved to clamp down on any confusion about the November election on its service, rolling out a sweeping set of changes to try to limit voter misinformation and to prevent interference from President Donald Trump and other politicians.
In an acknowledgment of how powerful its effect on public discourse can be, Facebook said it planned to bar any new political ads on its site in the week before Election Day. The social network said it would also strengthen measures against posts that try to dissuade people from voting. Postelection, it said it would quash any candidates’ attempts at claiming false victories by redirecting users to accurate information on the results.
Facebook is bracing for what is set to be a highly contentious presidential election. With two months to go, Trump and Joe Biden have ratcheted up their attacks against each other, clashing over issues including the coronavirus pandemic and racial unrest. Even when the results are in, Trump, who uses social media as a megaphone, has suggested that he may not accept them and has questioned the legitimacy of mail- in voting.
Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s chief executive, wrote in a post Thursday that the divisions in the United States and the prospect of election results taking days or weeks to finalize could lead “to an increased risk of civil unrest across the country.”
Facebook’s changes indicate how proactive the Silicon Valley company has become on election interference, especially after it was slow to react to Russians using the service in 2016 to sway the American electorate and promote Trump. Since then, Zuckerberg has worked to prevent the social network from being misused, aiming to turn the tide of negative perception about his company.
But Facebook’s moves may be too little and too late, critics said. Some of the measures, such as the blocking of new political ads a week before Election Day, are temporary. Misinformation and other toxic content also flows freely on Facebook outside of ads, including in private Facebook Groups and in posts by users, which the company’s changes do not address.
Some of the actions unintentionally may make Facebook even more politicized before the election, critics said. When political ads are blocked on the site, right- wing publishers on Facebook, such as Breitbart and Fox News, could fill the vacuum, said Tara McGowan, chief executive of liberal nonprofit group Acronym.
“By banning new political ads in the final critical days of the 2020 election, Facebook has decided to tip the scales of the election to those with the greatest followings on Facebook — and that includes President Trump and the right- wing media that serves him,” she said in a statement.
The Trump campaign disputed that, saying that people would instead be influenced on Facebook by ads from “biased” media. It added that the social network was censoring politicians.
“When millions of voters will be making their decisions, the president will be silenced by the Silicon Valley mafia, who will at the same time allow corporate media to run their biased ads to swing voters in key states,” said Samantha Zager, a Trump campaign spokeswoman.
Hours after rolling out its changes, Facebook applied its new rules to one of Trump’s posts on his Facebook page, in which he cast doubt on the vote- by- mail process. The company added a warning label to the post. The label read, “Voting by mail has a long history of trustworthiness in the U. S. and the same is predicted this year.”
Biden’s campaign didn’t immediately return a request for comment.
Other social media companies, including YouTube and Twitter, also have moved to minimize political manipulation on their platforms. Twitter banned political advertising last year and has added labels to politicians’ tweets. On Thursday, Twitter also added a label to the tweet sent by Trump about voting that echoed his language on Facebook. YouTube has confirmed that it was holding conversations on postelection strategy but has declined to elaborate.
Facebook, a key battleground for both presidential campaigns, has been most in the eye because of its billions of users. It has faced increasing scrutiny in recent months as domestic misinformation about this year’s election has proliferated. Yet Zuckerberg has declined to remove much of that false information, saying that Facebook supports free speech and that politicians’ posts are newsworthy. Many of the company’s own employees have objected to that position.
On Tuesday, Facebook said the Kremlin- backed group that interfered in the 2016 presidential election, the Internet Research Agency, tried to meddle on its service again using fake accounts and a website set up to look like a left- wing news site. Facebook, which was warned by the FBI about the Russian effort, said it removed the fake accounts and news site before they had gained much traction.
Zuckerberg said Facebook had removed more than 100 networks worldwide in the past four years that were attempting to influence elections. But increasingly, the threats to undermine the legitimacy of the November election were coming “from within our own borders,” he said.
As a result, Facebook said it would begin barring politicians from placing new ads on Facebook and Instagram, the photo- sharing service it owns, starting Oct. 27. Existing political ads will not be affected. Political candidates still will be able to adjust the groups of people their existing ads are targeting and the amount of money they spend on those ads.