Experts push for legislation after attacks
LOS ANGELES » Seven days, three mass shootings, 34 dead.
The FBI has labeled two of those attacks, at a Texas Walmart and the Gilroy Garlic Festival, as domestic terrorism — acts meant to intimidate or coerce a civilian population and affect government policy. But the bureau hasn’t gone that far with a shooting at an Ohio entertainment district.
Even if there’s a domestic terrorism investigation, no specific domestic terrorism law exists in the federal criminal code. That means the Justice Department must rely on other laws such as hate crimes and weapons offenses in cases of politically motivated shootings.
The legal gap has prompted many survivors, victims’ families, law enforcement officials and legal experts to call on lawmakers to create a domestic terrorism law that could aid investigators and punish perpetrators.
“Calling something for what it is is an important first step in combating this problem,” said Brian Levin, director of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at Cal State San Bernardino.
However, supporters of a domestic terrorism law say some lawmakers may be reluctant to push legislation that could target white supremacists.
“When you dismiss it as a mass shooting or a hate crime or some crazed gunman, you’re minimizing what impact it has,” said Daryl Johnson, a former senior domestic terrorism analyst at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. “It’s a double standard. We should be calling all ideologically motivated violence terrorism, whether it comes from the white variety or the Muslim variety.”
Domestic terrorism has historically been applied to violent anti- government extremists such as Timothy McVeigh, who was executed for the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. Crimes targeting African Americans, Jewish people and other minorities have more regularly been treated as hate crimes, rather than terrorist attacks, and investigated by FBI criminal agents instead of counterterrorism agents.
The FBI Agents Association, which represents thousands of active- duty and retired agents, has called for Congress to make domestic terrorism a federal crime to ensure investigators and prosecutors have the “best tools” to fight it.
Mary McCord, former head of the Justice Department’s national security division, has also advocated for such a law.
“It is something we may see come out of this, we may not,” she said.
The punishment for mass killings can be life imprisonment or even death, regardless of the label applied to the crime.
The legal framework is different in international terrorism cases, where a wide-reaching statute makes it a crime to support a designated foreign terror group such as Islamic State or al- Qaida and often produces arrests long before violence occurs. As a result, it’s a crime for an American to fly to Syria to join Islamic State, but it’s not illegal for an American to travel in the U. S. to meet with Ku Klux Klan leaders or other white supremacists.