Are tablets turning babies into insomniacs?
New studies show that touch screens are causing lost sleep in babies and toddlers and that is hurting their brain development
Whoever coined the phrase “sleeping like a baby” certainly didn’t live in the high-tech age. Indeed, new studies show that babies are losing sleep and touch screens are to blame.
Now, it’s long been known that too much staring at the screen isn’t good for any of us, but when it comes to babies, toddlers and small children in general, the lack of sleep at a crucial stage of growth may actually impair cognitive development, as Salon recently reported. And yet everywhere you go, you see toddlers clutching iPads in their strollers and babies gawking at iPhones while mom waits in a supermarket line. Our devices have come to impact so many of our daily activities that our children are growing up bathed in a digital glow.
And that’s the rub. A Scientific Reports study published last year revealed that there is a significant link between the use of touch screens and sleep problems in infants and toddlers. Traditional screen time, such as television and video games, also affects sleep, but it’s a less omnipresent force in our lives. On the other hand, touch screen devices (phones, tablets, cameras) are everywhere at all times and that means the correlation between use of media and loss of shuteye is more dire than ever. For babies in particular, the lack of sleep in those early months and years can impair brain development.
Using data from 715 parents, the researchers explored the relationship between media use and sleep patterns (sleep duration, frequencies of night waking,
ease of getting to sleep). They found that 75 percent of toddlers between 6 months and 3 years use a touch screen on a daily basis. Fifty-one percent of babies between 6 and 11 months use a screen. And virtually all of those babies, a staggering 90 percent, are still engaging in the same level of media use when they are 25 to 36 months of age. The trouble is that every additional hour of tablet use by these is associated with 15.6 minutes less total sleep per night, which adds up to 95 hours of less sleep a year.
While the facts are sobering and pediatricians have long warned about the need to curb screen time, it can still be hard to pull off in the real world, especially at a time when kindergartners attend computer labs and many youths are expected to do school assignments on a computer.
“Technology — and specifically computer, cellphone and tablet use — is having a negative impact on children of all ages,” said Dr. Keith Fabisiak, assistant chief of pediatrics at Kaiser Permanente’s Campbell Medical Center. “Decreased sleep in children exposed to these devices is one of the biggest concerns, as adequate sleep each night is necessary for proper brain development as a child grows.”
The culprit seems to be the light these devices emit: “We have found the that the type of light given off by these devices can disrupt the body’s natural circadian rhythm by suppressing production of the hormone melatonin, which helps to regulate the sleepwake cycle.”
For the record, the American Academy of Pediatrics has set firm guidelines for media use. For children younger than 18 months, it recommends avoiding all screens, except video-chatting. It adds that parents of children 18 to 24 months of age who want to introduce digital media should choose high-quality programming and watch it with their children. Ages 2 to 5 years should be limited to one hour per day. For all children, it advises holding the line on mediafree zones, such as the dinner table and the bedroom and making sure that the screens are not keeping kids from sleeping, eating and playing.
Although tech moguls such as Steve Jobs famously limited his own children’s access to technology, the rest of us often fall under the thrall of the screen.
“I do think it can be hard to limit screen time, especially when they need to do homework on the computer,” said Bethany Cardwell, a mother of two who lives in Discovery Bay, “but we put them away so they aren’t in view and don’t offer them often. So, if she’s supposed to work on her Chromebook, I’ll give it to her for just long enough to do the work and do something fun, but early enough that it won’t interfere with her sleep.”
Still it’s hard to keep kids from longing for more screen time and using the devices as a way to keep kids quiet and distracted when you have to run errands. Sometimes handing a kid your phone is the easiest way to avoid a tantrum.
“I am guilty of the pacifier thing, though,” said Cardwell, who is the mother of Maddie, 7, and Lauren, 18-months-old. “I swore I never would, but sometimes you need a distraction while you’re out and all you have left is your phone.”
Elizabeth Shipsides, a Fremont mother of three, said that sometimes it’s the parents, and not the kids, who become reliant on the gadgets. The trouble is that, with three boys under 10, it’s hard to get anything done without the electronic babysitter.
“Most kids prefer being played with. If you asked my boys whether they wanted to play video games by themselves or play a board game, tag or hide and seek with their brothers or parents or friends, they would most likely choose interaction with a person.”
Another East Bay mom admitted she started letting her little girl take the iPad to bed with her for 15 minutes a night because it was the only way to get her to stay in bed.
It’s also important to note that different children react differently to stimulation. One child may nod off amid an episode of “Peppa Pig,” while others need a solid time buffer with no tech of any kind before they can power down enough to drift off.
“The girls react differently to electronics,” Cardwell said. “It doesn’t seem to bother Lauren. She’ll fall asleep watching TV, while Maddie is more sensitive and will never sleep if anything is on. We have to shut down everything two hours before bed — even music — or she can’t sleep.”
Fabisiak added that setting a good example may be the key. If parents check email at the dinner table and clutch their phone at bedtime, then kids will, too. Unplugging from devices has to be modeled to children.
“I definitely think it throws off the clock, but I think some people are more sensitive,” Cardwell said. “Even though Lauren’s not as sensitive, I still limit it the same because it just seems like a good idea to not overload them. They need downtime, too, but I don’t think that should come from vegging out watching TV or YouTube kids or something like that.”