California Dream — just a roof over our heads?

On any given night in California, about 134,000 people are without a home, according to annual data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. That’s nearly equivalent to the population of Pasadena or Roseville sleeping on the street, on a bench or in a shelter.

California’s homeless population jumped 13.7 percent from 2016 to 2017.

And those 134,000 Californians without a place to call home are the visible edge of a much larger, much deeper housing problem in the state.

“We now know that there is a very close connection between housing costs and homelessness,”

said Margot Kushel, director of the University of California San Francisco Center for Vulnerable Populations.

The sky-high costs of renting or buying a home means many residents are just getting by. People are being forced to choose between paying their rent and buying food. They are sell- ing their belongings, working seven days a week, doing whatever it takes to keep their home.

For many, the California Dream has been shrunk down to keeping a place to live.

According to an analysis by the National Low Income Housing Coalition, California has only 22 affordable and available rental homes for every 100 extremely lowincome households. Affordability in this case means total housing costs are at or below 30 percent of area median income.

Put another way, the state is short more than a million rental units that are affordable and available to extremely low-income Californians.

“That probably describes more than any other reason why we have a homelessness crisis in California,” Kushel said.

About 29 percent of California renters spend more than half their income on rent, according to a study from the Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University. Paying more than about a third of income on housing can make it hard to afford basics such as food, clothing, transportation and health care, according to HUD.

For very low-income Californians, budgeting gets bleaker. In Los Angeles County, 600,000 residents spend 90 percent or more of their income on housing, according to an analysis by the nonprofit Economic Roundtable. The group found similar rates of extreme rent burdens in Santa Clara County.

“These are areas where housing is expensive and incomes are polarized, and people at the bottom of the income distribution are having a really tough time keeping a roof over their heads,” said Daniel Flaming, president of the Economic Roundtable, a research group based in Los Angeles.

“They probably are on food stamps, they probably get Medicaid, they may get food from food banks as well,” Flaming said. “But it’s extremely difficult. Virtually all of the liquid resources of the family are going to pay for rent. And if a shoe drops, if someone gets sick or someone loses a job or if someone leaves the household that’s contributing to paying rent, then that family can easily find itself on the street.”

According to UCSF’s Kushel, many cities have had some successes getting people who are homeless into housing, but “what we’ve done much less of a good job is preventing new people from falling into homelessness.”

The California Dream collaboration is exploring why people fall into homelessness and the innovative ways municipalities around the state are trying to help people keep their own place.

“The first and most important thing,” Kushel said, “is to act and act quickly and aggressively to create more housing that’s affordable.”

Building in California can be a lengthy and expensive process. According to the Terner Center for Housing Innovation at UC Berkeley, the cost of building a 100-unit affordable housing project in the state was almost $425,000 per unit in 2016. That’s up from $265,000 per unit in 2000.

At the same time that the cost of building has jumped, redevelopment and state funding for affordable housing development have shrunk. According to the California Housing Partnership Corporation, redevelopment and state funding declined by about $1.6 billion from 2008 to 2016.

So some California cities are trying innovative ways to prevent and curb homelessness. In June, San Francisco voters approved a proposition to provide legal assistance to tenants facing eviction.

A pilot program is underway in Los Angeles that also is focused on protecting residents from eviction. Santa Monica is undergoing a pilot program that provides rent assistance to low-income seniors. Oakland is considering taxing vacant properties in an effort to help increase housing supply.

Much of the focus in the past decade has been on getting homeless people housed, said Steve Berg of the National Alliance to End Homelessness.

Today, “there’s a lot more interest in prevention,” Berg said. “More people are wanting to know what they can try out and what they can do.” Adriene Hill is the California Dream senior editor. The California Dream series is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the James Irvine Foundation.