China’s math memorization method adds up to higher scores

Here’s a shout-out to fellow gray-hairs who learned math the “old-fashioned” way, by memorizing simple formulas along with facts about addition and multiplication. This technique is anathema in today’s classrooms.

But might the old ways ever come back into vogue?

I would have said “when pigs fly,” but then I read Lenora Chu’s can’t-put-down book “Little Soldiers: An American Boy, a Chinese School, and the Global Race to Achieve.” Chu writes about her first-hand experience with the alarming — and ultimately effective — Chinese way of educating children.

I picked up Chu’s book out of mere curiosity about what it must be like to work as a journalist while trying to raise a family in a country so different from our own. And while the details of Chu’s son Rainey’s difficult start at an exclusive Shanghai preschool are enthralling, the real story is about how Chinese culture helps explain the country’s consistent dominance of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA).

The secret is, obviously, that it’s a test-crazy country. But those tests are laid upon foundational principles as reverence for teachers, respect for math and a firm belief in the transformative power of hard work.

“China affords teachers more status than any other country, a global education nonprofit found in a 2013 survey (though I had proof enough in the jitter that overtakes my hands when I talk to Rainey’s teachers),” Chu writes.

It goes far beyond mere professional status. According to Chu, doing well in school is “the ultimate way to respect your parents, since good grades and test scores are the path to financial stability, and the ability to provide for” parents in old age.

A child’s obedience to and respect for elders transfers to teachers, whose authority is absolute and never questioned.

In addition to the much-maligned rat race of grueling standardized testings is the Chinese attitude toward ability.

The Chinese believe in luck and fate, but their guiding philosophy is that anything is possible if you work hard enough.

Teachers and parents start with the assumption that every child is able to become a disciplined, focused learner. Chu writes that children are then reminded at every turn that “if there’s a goal worth accomplishing, day-to-day life might be absolutely and miserably unpleasant for a spell . ... Hard work is the most important thing.”

In stark contrast, Americans are conditioned to believe in innate ability — hereditary traits that either make you good at something or not, regardless of effort. This is, at least in part, why Americans are unashamed to go around saying “I’m not good at math,” whereas the Chinese, as a whole culture, value math every bit as much as we value reading ability.

Lastly, of course, are the differences — rigor, extreme challenge — in the actual methods for teaching subjects like science and math. And, yes, it’s true the Chinese use — gasp! — rote memorization, skills drilling and repetition to teach the fundamentals.

Music to this teacher’s ears! I’ve seen the damage done to students who can’t thrive without structured instruction and opportunities to practice until attaining true mastery.

Not all of China’s methods are transferrable (or desirable) outside their culture, but the United Kingdom is piloting direct instruction of whole-class, masterymath teaching.

That’s because, as Chu quotes an architect of the PISA academic rankings, “‘The Chinese memorize what needs memorizing and use the rest of the time to go very deep in conceptual understanding.’”

If it works for U.K. students and they pivot toward deep understanding of math and away from mile-wide, inch-deep curriculum, us oldsters may stand a good chance at being able to help our grandkids memorize their math facts someday.