Boston’s past not always good

City’s sports struggle with perception built on racism

When Red Sox fans hurled peanuts and the N-word toward Orioles outfielder Adam Jones in Fenway Park, it was a reminder of Boston’s racial legacy — particularly around its sports teams.

Boston’s reputation as a racist sports town developed through decades of barriers broken and maintained, intertwined with broader struggles for progress along with today’s climate of racial tension that sports can’t avoid.

Despite its teams and the city making strides on race, Boston still has perceptions of racism to overcome.

“Boston has a reputation, partially left over from a long time ago, that there is more racism within Boston sports,” said Richard Lapchick, director of the Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport at the University of Central Florida. “The type of incident that happened ... is something I would’ve expected to read about in Boston 25 years ago.”

Jones was given an extended ovation on Tuesday night as he stepped to the plate for his first at-bat, a moment sharply different from what he described Monday night, saying he heard fans call him the N-word and had peanuts thrown in his direction in the dugout, hitting a nearby police officer.

The All-Star said he felt “it was just the right time” to speak out after experiencing previous racial heckling at Fenway over 12 seasons, though he said it was more a sign of larger racial issues than an indictment of Boston or its fans. Several black ballplayers Tuesday said Jones was just describing what they regularly experience.

The Celtics and the Bruins were pioneers in professional basketball and hockey during the 1950s. But the Red Sox were the last Ma-

League Baseball team to field a black player. Pumpsie Green debuted at Fenway in 1959 — more than a decade after Jackie Robinson played for the Dodgers, and even after Willie O’Ree took the ice for Boston in the all-white National Hockey League.

The Red Sox ballpark and offices are located on Yawkey Way, named for franchise owner Tom Yawkey who presided over the team at the time. The Red Sox passed on Robinson in 1945 and also passed on a chance to sign future Hall of Famer Willie Mays.

The Celtics were the first team to draft a black player, the first to field an all-black starting five and the first to hire a black head coach. Bill Russell was among the league’s first black players and champions, but wasn’t embraced by fans during his career and was embittered by his experience in Boston for years, though he is now a beloved figure in the city. In the 1980s, the rivalry between the white Celtics Larry Bird and the African-American Lakers star Magic Johnson epitomized the NBA’s racial divide. Earlier this season, Celtics forward Jae Crowder, who is black, said he felt “disrespected” by fans openly coveting white potential free agent Gordon Hayward, rekindling the debate.

In 2012, some fans upset with the Washington Capitals bouncing the Boston Bruins from the NHL playoffs lobbed racial insults on Twitter toward Joel Ward, a Canadian who is black. And in an episode of Saturday Night Live before the New England Patriots played in the Super Bowl this year, comedian Michael Che called Boston “the most racist city I’ve ever been to.”

Boston fans pride themselves on rabidly supporting one of America’s greatest sports cities. While the Sox-Orioles rivalry shouldn’t automatically result in racism, “for some white Americans, that’s often where they go if they’re angry,” said University of Hartford sociologist Woody Doane.

MICHAEL DWYER — THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Baltimore’s Adam Jones looks up at fans in center field during the third inning of a baseball game against the Boston Red Sox on Tuesday, a day after a bag of peanuts was thown in his direction by a fan.