Try High-Intensity Interval Training. You Might Like It.
Many inactive adults who tried a sampling of exercises preferred intense efforts to gentler workouts.
PEOPLE WHO HAVE never tried intense interval training might be surprised to find that the workouts can be more appealing than they anticipate, according to a study of people’s emotional reactions to different types of workouts.
The study, which involved inactive adults sampling intervals and other types of exercise, often for the first time, found that some of them preferred the intense efforts to gentler workouts. The findings challenge common assumptions about the disagreeableness of high-intensity exercise, and suggest that the best way to decide which workout might entice you is to play the exercise field.
Almost anyone with a passing interest in fitness is familiar, by now, with the concept of high-intensity interval training. Consisting of brief, repeated bursts of strenuous exercise interspersed with periods of rest, H.I.I.T. has become a trendy, even if controversial, way to work out.
Past studies show that even a few minutes of interval training improves fitness and health as much as hours of milder exercise. But in some cautionary psychological studies, novice exercisers report disliking such intense training, which would seem to limit the workouts’ long-term allure.
Few of these past studies have directly compared people’s feelings about intense and moderate exercise in head-to-head, indepth exercise matchups, however. So, for the recent study, which was published in Psychology of Sport & Exercise, researchers at the University of British Columbia, in Kelowna, recruited 30 sedentary but otherwise healthy people who said that they had not tried intense interval training before.
The researchers invited the men and women to the lab and talked to them about what they had heard about interval training and more-traditional exercises, including whether they thought they would be able to enjoy them or not.
The volunteers expressed knowledge of interval training, but also trepidation. Most worried the workouts would be beyond them, physically, and would feel awful.
Then the researchers asked the volunteers to exercise. On one visit to the lab, each completed a standard, moderate workout, riding a stationary bicycle for 45 minutes at a sustainable pace. During another visit, they all tried H.I.I.T. for the first time, pedaling strenuously for one minute, resting for a minute, and repeating the sequence 10 times. During a third session, they were introduced to super-short intervals, consisting of three repetitions of 20-second spurts, with two minutes of rest between each.
During and after each workout, the researchers asked the volunteers how they felt. In general, most said they were not having fun during the interval sessions. But upon reflection, many said that maybe those workouts had been tolerable, after all. Surprised and pleased they had gotten through the intervals, a majority reported that they now considered the longer H.I.I.T. session to have been the most pleasant of all of the workouts.
Supervised lab sessions are not a good reflection of real-life exercise. So, as a final step, the researchers asked the volunteers to go home and work out on their own for a month, keeping logs, then return to the lab to talk at length with the researchers again.
This month of do-it-yourself workouts proved to be revealing. Almost everyone remained active, with most completing frequent, moderate exercise sessions, like the 45-minute bike rides at the lab. But many also threaded some sort of interval training into their weekly workouts, although few of these sessions replicated the structured intervals from the lab. Instead, people tended to sprint up and down stairs or grunt through body weight exercises.
Most interesting, during their subsequent, prolonged interviews with the researchers, the volunteers who interval trained on their own said they felt more engaged and motivated during those workouts than in the longer, continuous-intensity sessions, even when the intervals were physically draining.
The upshot of the study data would seem to be that many of us might want to consider H.I.I.T., if we have not already, said
Matthew Stork, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of British Columbia, who led the new study. We might surprise ourselves by liking the workouts.
But, he pointed out, some volunteers continued to prefer the familiar, less-intense exercise, and almost everyone completed more of those sessions than of intervals.
“What the data really show is that there is no one-size-fits-all way to work out,” Dr. Stork said. The best exercise will be the one each of us ultimately relishes most, he said. It may require some experimentation, though, for people to settle on a particular, preferred workout.
Of course, this study involved healthy young adults and followed them for a month. Whether people who are older or have health concerns will respond similarly to intervals and whether anyone will stick to their chosen workouts for more than four weeks remain uncertain. Also, people who have not exercised in some time should generally consult a physician before tackling a new exercise routine.