Water crisis salts the earth in Iraq’s long-neglected south

BAGHDAD » Qassim Sabaan Ali has spent the past 15 years tending to orchards in southern Iraq, only to see them wither or die as saltwater has seeped into the once-lush soil.

The southern city of Basra was once known as the “Venice of the East” because of its freshwater canals, and Iraq itself is still known as the “Land Between the Two Rivers” — the Tigris and the Euphrates — which have nourished civilizations since antiquity.

But upstream dams in Turkey, Syria and Iran have shrunk the rivers and their tributaries, seasonal rainfall has dropped and infrastructure has fallen into disrepair.

The result is an acute lack of freshwater that has allowed a salty tide from the nearby Persian Gulf to advance north from the Shatt al-Arab waterway — the confluence of the Tigris and the Euphrates that Basra residents depend on — and seep into once-lush farmland.

Ali’s fig, apple and palm trees are dying off, and the water from the taps is so salty and polluted it cannot even be used for cooking or washing.

“It’s an aching feeling when you see the hard work of years withering away and slipping through your fingers,” Ali, who lives in the Siba district south of Basra, told The Associated Press by phone. “I’m left to watch the destruction and feel desperate, as I’m unable to do more than pray to God.”

The water woes, along with a lingering electricity crisis in the oil-rich region, contributed to last month’s violent demonstrations in Basra and other southern provinces, in which protesters attacked and burned government and political party offices, prompting security forces to open fire.

Several protesters were killed or wounded, while others were arrested.

Iraq’s government has scrambled to meet the growing demands for public services and jobs, but has been hindered by years of endemic corruption and a financial crisis fueled by diminished oil revenues and the costly war against the Islamic State group.

The water crisis has affected the entire country, but Basra, at the mouth of the two rivers, has been hit the hardest. The rising salinity has shut down water purification systems, turned once-fertile areas to desert and killed off fish and livestock.

The scenes recall those during the war between Iraq and Iran in the 1980s, when the orchards were burned to the ground, the land was littered with mines, and many farmers were forced to flee. The Gulf war and Shiite uprising of the early 1990s, and a decade of crippling international sanctions, hindered their return.

Agriculture is the second largest economic sector in Iraq after oil. But the country is only able to farm 3-4 million hectares — about a third of its cultivable land — because of water shortages, soil salinity and political instability, according to the U.N.’s Food and Agriculture Organization.