So much more than a condiment
Like many Americans, I grew up on ketchup. I smeared it on eggs, puddled it next to potatoes and glazed frozen chicken patties with the stuff.
But as I crossed over to adulthood, I got a sense that requesting ketchup at restaurants suggested something about me beyond my preferred sauce. I understood that, unlike worldlier condiments such as Sriracha, ketchup is not sophisticated — and neither are those who love it. Coming from a working-class background, I didn’t want to broadcast my bluecollar roots every time I ordered fries. I mean, frites. I branched out into aioli, flirted with malt vinegar and generally learned to live without my ketchup.
Despite its down-market reputation, ketchup is ubiquitous. And it has been for a very long time, certainly since Heinz patented its first bottle in 1882.
Scholars and food historians contest the exact origin of ketchup. Eighteenth-century condiments with names such as kecap (Indonesia) and ke-tsiap (China) suggest that the earliest ketchups were concocted in Asia. From there the sauce traveled to Europe before evolving into its current form in America.
The earliest uses of the word describe something that we wouldn’t recognize today as ketchup at all. Common early versions were made with fermented mushrooms or walnuts and their pickling liquid, along with a slew of spices. Oyster, liver and lobster were other main ingredients. Pungent, dark and thin, the first ketchups were decidedly not sweet. Early recipes were created with the goal of a long shelf life. Some recipes had titles like “Ketchup to Keep 20 Years.”
American food companies standardized the iconic condiment that’s in almost every refrigerator across the land today. They, too, were driven by the goal of a long-lasting product. That’s how ketchup got so sweet and thick — sugar is a natural preservative.
By the 1890s, the New York Tribune declared tomato ketchup the national condiment of the United States. Food writers of the time described it as an “incomparable condiment” and “the sauce of sauces,” according to food historian Andrew F. Smith’s book “Pure Ketchup.”
But it wasn’t the sauce’s storied history that revived my long-dormant love. It was my 4-yearold niece. She doesn’t know that ketchup isn’t cool. During one visit this year, we ate Tater Tots and ketchup together, her glee unbridled, the reapplications of ketchup to her plate and mine numerous.
When I got home, I bought both frozen Tater Tots and ketchup. So what if it’s lowbrow? It reminds me of my niece, I thought.
Savoring the flavors and memories of shared meals matters more to me than proving my refined palate.
It wasn’t long before I emptied the bottle, finding new ways to use it up.
A longtime favorite restaurant dish of mine — the deep-fried sweet and spicy Cauliflower 65 — often includes ketchup. I ate this dish dozens of times without realizing the tomato-based condiment played a central role in its seasoning. Usually described as Indian-Chinese fusion, it’s the kind of Americanized meltingpot dish whose origins and “authentic” recipe are unclear, so I used a recipe from the “V Street” cookbook by Richard Landau and Kate Jacoby as my starting point.
Ketchup is often the key ingredient in another classic sauce that is currently out of style: mayonnaise-based Russian dressing. Spicier than its sibling, Thousand Island, thanks to the addition of sinus-tingling horseradish, Russian dressing can be made well without any mayonnaise at all (my version subs tofu for the mayo), but you can’t get precisely the right tang for a Reuben sandwich without a healthy dose of the red stuff.
A recent dinner I attended featured a group of chefs, each cooking a dish to represent their heritage. Chef Andrew Wood, known for his obsessive local sourcing at Russet in Philadelphia, brushed his buttery, ketchupforward sauce on the chicken he was grilling that night.
His dish paid tribute to the summer barbecues his family shared when he was growing up. Most good recipes for American barbecue sauce are little more than gussied-up ketchup, and Wood’s vintage sauce recipe comes straight off the Heinz labels of the late 1970s. When I asked him, surprised, about the Heinz, he said, “You can’t make this without it.”
Barbecue sauce is no prestige recipe. But I dare you not to like it mixed with shredded chicken and piled on a potato roll with pickles, or brushed on chicken during its last moments roasting or on the grill. It would also be welcome alongside ribs or pulled pork, or added to your turkey burger.
Although ketchup is an indispensable ingredient for a number of classic dishes, it shouldn’t need to hide in a recipe to be celebrated. If ketchup were introduced today, we would hail it as the next “it” condiment. It’s time to cook with it, as well as slather it on potatoes, eggs, onion rings, meatloaf or wherever you like it best — and do it proudly.
CAULIFLOWER 65
OVERVIEW: The cauliflower florets below have a delicious, rather decadent look to them. If you like things less spicy, feel free to use less Sriracha.
You’ll need an instantread thermometer for monitoring the oil.
MAKE AHEAD: These taste best just after they are made. Stored in a sealed container in the refrigerator, however, they keep well for three days. Reheat for a few minutes at 375 F, until hot and crisp.
½ cup tomato ketchup
¼ cup Sriracha, or as needed (see Overview)
¼ cup mayonnaise 1 tablespoon white wine vinegar
1 teaspoon curry powder ½ teaspoon ground turmeric ½ teaspoon ground cumin ¼ teaspoon granulated garlic (aka garlic powder)
½ cup cornstarch
½ cup chickpea flour
1 small head cauliflower (about 1 pound), broken into florets (about 5 cups) Vegetable oil, for frying Salt
Cilantro leaves, whole or chopped, for garnish
Place a wire rack inside a rimmed baking sheet.
Whisk together the ketchup, Sriracha, mayonnaise, white wine vinegar, curry powder, turmeric, cumin and garlic powder in a mixing bowl. Whisk together the cornstarch and chickpea flour in a pie plate.
Add the cauliflower to the ketchup mixture and toss to coat. Use tongs or your clean hands to remove the florets one at a time from the ketchup mixture, shaking off any excess, and place into the cornstarch mixture. Dredge each floret to coat well, then place on the wire rack.
Pour enough oil to get ½-inch depth in a large cast-iron skillet, over medium heat. Once the oil temperature registers 350 degrees on an instantread thermometer, drop in a single floret; the oil should sizzle around it. Working in batches to avoid crowding the pan, fry the florets for 5 minutes, tossing and turning for uniform browning after the first minute.
Use tongs to transfer the florets to the wire rack; season lightly with salt right away.
Cool for 5 minutes, then sprinkle with cilantro, and serve.
RUSSIAN DRESSING
OVERVIEW: It’s true that this dressing really wakes up a bowl of iceberg lettuce and cucumber slices, but its destiny is as a sauce for burgers and sandwiches.
8 ounces silken tofu (may substitute mayonnaise)
¼ cup tomato ketchup 2 tablespoons chopped shallot
2 tablespoons chopped kosher dill pickle
2 tablespoons prepared white horseradish, or more as needed 2 tablespoons canola oil 1 teaspoon low-sodium soy sauce ½ teaspoon sweet paprika ½ teaspoon salt, or more as needed
Combine all the ingredients in a food processor; puree until well blended but not quite smooth. Taste, and season with more horseradish and/or salt, as needed.
CHICKEN THIGHS WITH CLASSIC AMERICAN BARBECUE SAUCE
OVERVIEW: This is a speedy version of the comfort food classic. You could grill the chicken instead of roasting it, or substitute bone-in, skin-on pieces if you have the extra time to roast the chicken until it reaches an internal temperature of 165 F.
MAKE AHEAD: Serve the chicken thighs whole, or shred them and combine with more of the sauce for barbecued-chicken sandwiches.
2 tablespoons canola oil 2 pounds boneless, skinless chicken thighs
1 teaspoon salt
¼ teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
¾ cup Classic American Barbecue Sauce (see related recipe)
Preheat the oven to 425 F.
Brush a rimmed baking sheet with the oil and arrange the chicken thighs upon it, turning to coat them all over. Season them lightly with salt and pepper; arrange skinned sides up. Roast for 15 to 20 minutes, or until the chicken has cooked through.
Brush the chicken with the barbecue sauce (about 1 teaspoon sauce per thigh) and continue roasting for an additional five minutes. Let stand for five minutes before serving.
Nutritional information per serving: Calories: 310; Total Fat: 15 g; Saturated Fat: 5 g; Cholesterol: 150 mg; Sodium: 880 mg; Carbohydrates: 13 g; Dietary Fiber: 0 g; Sugars: 12 g; Protein: 30 g.
CLASSIC AMERICAN BARBECUE SAUCE
OVERVIEW: For a perfectly smooth sauce, strain the onion and garlic bits out after cooking.
MAKE AHEAD: The sauce can be refrigerated in an airtight container for up to 2 weeks.
SERVINGS: 3 to 6 (makes
¾ cup)
2 tablespoons unsalted butter ¼ cup grated onion
1/8 teaspoon ground allspice Pinch ground cayenne pepper, or more as needed
2 cloves garlic, minced
½ cup tomato ketchup 2 tablespoons yellow mustard 2 tablespoons light brown sugar
1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar
1 tablespoon molasses 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce
¾ teaspoon liquid smoke
Melt the butter in a saucepan over mediumhigh heat. Add the onion, allspice and cayenne pepper; cook for about 2 minutes, stirring, until the onion has softened. Add the garlic and cook for about 1 minute, until fragrant.
Add the ketchup, mustard, brown sugar, cider vinegar, molasses, Worcestershire and liquid smoke. Once the mixture starts to bubble, reduce the heat to low and cook for about 10 minutes, until slightly reduced and thickened.
Let cool before serving or storing.
Nutritional information per 2-tablespoon serving:
80 calories, 0 g protein, 13 g carbohydrates, 4 g fat, 3 g saturated fat, 10 mg cholesterol, 340 mg sodium, 0 g dietary fiber, 12 g sugar