Justices to air views on immigration policies
High court’s rulings may show stance on administration acts.
WASHINGTON — Supreme Court decisions in a halfdozen cases dealing with immigration over the next t wo months could reveal how the justices might evaluate Trump administration actions on immigration, especially stepped up deportations.
Some of those cases could be decided as early as Monday, when the court is meeting to issue opinions in cases that were argued over the past six months.
The outcomes could indicate whether the justices are retreating from long-standing decisions that give the president and Congress great discretion in dealing with immigration, and what role administration policies, including the proposed ban on visits to the United States by residents of six majority Muslim countries, may play.
President Donald Trump h a s p l e d ge d t o i n c re a s e deportations, particularly of people who have been convic ted of c rimes. But Supreme Court rulings in favor of the immigrants in the pending cases “could make his plans more difficult to realize,” said Christopher Hajec, director of litigation for the Immigration Reform Litigation Institute. The group generally supports the new administration’s immigration actions, including the travel ban.
For about a century the court has held that, when dealing with immigration, the White House and Congress “can get away with things they ordinarily couldn’t,” said Temple University law professor Peter Spiro, an immigration law expert. “The court has explicitly said the Constitution applies differently in immigration than in other contexts.”
Two of the immigration cases at the court offer the justices the possibilit y of cutting into the deference that courts have given the o t h e r b r a n c h e s o f g o v - ernment in this area. One case is a class-action lawsuit brought by immigrants who’ve spent long periods in custody, including many who are legal residents of the United States or are seeking asylum. The court is weighing whether the detainees have a right to court hearings.
In the other case, the court has taken on a challenge to an unusual federal law that makes it easier for children born outside the United States to become citizens if their mother is an American and harder for them if their father is the U.S. citizen. Even after legislation in 1986, children of American fathers face higher hurdles claiming citizenship for themselves.
Both cases were argued b e f o r e T r u m p b e c a m e president in January, and the Obama administration o p p o s e d t h e d e t a i n e e s ’ claims and the citizenship challenge.
Even if the positions haven’t changed, the context has, Spiro said.
“The court has got to be conscious of how these rulings are going to apply to Trump administration activity,” Spiro said.
The decisions may directly affect people who are targeted by immigration authorities for quick deportation, o r e x p e d i t e d r e m o v a l , and immigrants who were brought to the United States as children and offered protection from deportation by the Obama administration, said Steven Vladeck, a Universit y of Texas law professor.
“A n o p e n q u e s t i o n i n immigration law concerns how much authorit y the government has and how strong the Constitution is as a constraint,” Vladeck said. For Trump, he said a major question is how much discretion the president has. “It’s at the heart of a lot of what the Trump administration wants to do,” Vladeck said.
Other cases involve discrete sections of the immigration law in which the decisions either will free or constrain immigration authorities from deporting people convicted of certain crimes.
In one case, a Mexican immigrant is facing deportation after he was convicted in California of having sex with someone under 18 and more than three years younger than he was. The charge covered a period before and after his 21st birthday when the woman, his girlfriend, was 16. That’s a crime in California but not in most of the rest of the country, and the immigrant says it should not count as sexual abuse of a minor, which under immigration law would subject him to deportation.
In another case, an immigrant convicted of burglary is challenging a provision o f i mmigrat i o n l aw t h a t counts the crime as serious enough to warrant automatic deportation. Several federal appeals courts have sided with immigrants who have contended the provision is too vague.
Immigration almost certainly will continue to be a ver y a c t ive par t of t he Supreme Court’s docket. The travel ban itself could be at the court in the coming months. On Monday, the federal appeals court in San Francisco is hearing the administration’s appeal of an order striking down the ban.