Housing market slows retreat from rising seas
Chuck and Terry Nowiski lived in their country-style farmhouse with a wrap-around porch for 36 years before it flooded. After hurricanes Matthew and Florence, they said “yes” to the state's offer to buy their place and tear it down.
Nearly three years later, they're still waiting for the money. What's worse, they say it's for the home's value before the storms hit in 2016 and 2018. Now they worry they won't be able to buy the house they want with the federal disaster dollars they'll get.
“It would be pennies compared to what the market is,” said Terry Nowiski of the couple's house outside the town of Linden, about 15 miles (25 kilometers) north of Fayetteville, North Carolina. “I've watched housing prices in the last year go from the upper $200,000s to $350,000 to $450,000.”
Hot real estate markets have made some homeowners wary of participating in voluntary flood buyout programs, impacting efforts to move people away from flooding from rising seas, intensifying hurricanes and more frequent storms.
Flood buyout programs typically purchase floodprone homes, raze them and turn the property into green space. That can help prevent deaths and health problems associated with flooding, such as mold-related respiratory issues and emotional trauma.
Buyouts also are considered cheaper for taxpayers compared to repairing and rebuilding flooded houses — sometimes multiple times — with government payouts and federal flood insurance.
The programs are run by local and state governments that often use grants from federal agencies. The Federal Emergency Management Agency says it's provided almost $3.5 billion to help communities acquire nearly 50,000 properties in the last three decades.
“This is basically the tool that we have right now to help people move somewhere safer,” said Anna Weber, a senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council. “And so it should work as well as it possibly can.”
But some cities have seen waning interest in voluntary programs in the wake of rising home prices. Some states are even offering extra money to persuade people to move out of harm's way.
People who take buyouts usually want to relocate to similar homes on higher ground in the same community. But some worry that buyout dollars won't be enough. Others reject them because private buyers' offers were too good to turn down. The houses stayed occupied — and at risk.
And while experts say housing markets are cooling off with rising interest rates, the challenge of finding affordable homes is likely to get worse.
“Replacement housing
will only get more expensive because rising waters often means more competition for less housing,” said Jesse M. Keenan, a real estate professor at Tulane University's School of Architecture. “Nothing will be easy. Nothing will be cheap.”
Concerns about finding affordable homes outside flood-prone areas aren't new, said Miyuki Hino, a professor at the University of North Carolina's Department of City and Regional Planning.
Programs have traditionally struggled to help everyone relocate to similar housing, particularly those with lower incomes. Inflated housing prices have shined a greater spotlight on the limitations.
“In general, they weren't designed from the start
with the idea of, `How does this household end up in a better place in the end?'” Hino said. “The focus has been on removing the buildings from the flood plain.”
Buyout offers can be based on a home's fairmarket value as well as its pre-storm worth. The latter generally stems from the assumption that a home is worth less because it's been damaged. But rising home prices complicated that assumption, while magnifying concerns about the often yearslong wait for FEMA dollars.
FEMA Press Secretary Jeremy Edwards said in a statement the process can be lengthy, in part, because the agency must determine that a buyout is cost-effective and complies with environmental and historic preservation requirements.
Edwards also said that FEMA now allows for an increased payment of up to $31,000 to assist homeowners in their search for comparable housing.
Democratic U.S. Reps. Sean Casten of Illinois and Earl Blumenauer of Oregon introduced legislation last month that's designed to shorten wait times and offer more assistance.
“The science makes crystal clear that this climatedriven devastation will only get worse and more costly,” Casten said.
Meanwhile, the Nowiskis are waiting to know how much money they'll get for the buyout they agreed to in 2019.
Retired and in their mid60s, they want to stay local without taking out a mortgage. Their daughter is nearby, and so is their nonprofit ministry to help troubled boys.
They're now considering selling to a “house flipper” or just staying in their home, which is near a tributary of the Cape Fear River.
North Carolina Emergency Management, which handles the buyout program where the Nowiskis live, said in an email that a state fund provides up to $50,000 to help people find similar homes when federal grants aren't enough.
Keith Acree, an agency spokesperson, acknowledged that buyouts through federal programs can be a long process.
“Homeowners that want to get out of a property quickly will often pursue other methods, if they have the means,” he said.
Other states are also offering money on top of federal disaster dollars. In response to rising home prices, the South Carolina Office of Resilience teamed up with coastal Horry County to create a “market adjustment incentive” in February, said Ran Reinhard, the office's mitigation director.