Vaccination race enlists grassroots aides to fight mistrust
CHICAGO >> His last job was selling cars, but in his new gig, working to turn the tide against the pandemic, Herman Simmons knows not to be too pushy or overbearing.
He is one of more than 50 outreach workers a Chicago hospital has enlisted to promote vaccination against COVID-19 in hard-hit Black and brown neighborhoods.
Their job is approaching strangers at laundromats, grocery stores and churches, handing out educational material, and making vaccination appointments for those who are willing.
“I see myself as my brother’s keeper. I don’t try to force them. I’m persistent,” he said.
Top U.S. health officials say they are in a race to vaccinate as many people as quickly as possible as COVID-19 variants spread, mask and distancing rules are relaxed, and Americans crave a return to normalcy.
As part of these efforts, the Biden administration announced Thursday it will invest nearly $10 billion to expand vaccine access in communities of color, rural areas, low-income populations and other underserved communities. Some of the money will go to community health centers. Funding comes mostly from the American Rescue Plan.
While the U.S. is vaccinating roughly 2.5 million people daily and nearly 1 in 3 adults have received at least one shot, roughly that many say they are skeptical or won’t get vaccinated.
“There will be a hard core that never want to be vaccinated and we can’t do anything about that,” said Dr. Eric Toner, a senior scholar at Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.
He said that number is unlikely to prevent effective control of the virus. To make sure it doesn’t, authorities are working to change minds and boost access in minority communities where skepticism is among the hurdles to vaccination:
• They are showcasing Black leaders getting shots, preaching vaccination benefits at Sunday services, and holding Zoom meetings where experts dismantle the myths.
• Michigan is enlisting barber shops and salons.
• Mobile clinics have been set up to vaccinate Kentucky racetrack workers and California migrant workers.
In the socially distanced age of COVID-19, the inthe-trenches work of regular folk-turned-recruiters stands out.
Simmons is Black, amiable and talkative, a natural for this kind of work.
“I tell them I was a little afraid at first” about getting the shots, said Simmons, who quit the car dealership when co-workers got sick with the virus. He tells them he has friends and family members who have died, and how easy it is to sign up.
Sometimes it is a tough sell.
“I would like to say that I get more sign-ins than not,” Simmons said, “but I don’t think that’s the case.”
“They don’t trust it. Some think the vaccines were made too quickly to be safe,” he said. “They feel like lab rats.”
That is a common narrative. But it is not the whole story.
For many Black people, mistrust of medical institutions is deep-seated. Their reasons are varied, vehement and often valid:
• There was Tuskegee, the U.S. government study that began in 1932 and withheld treatment for Black men with syphilis.
• There were surgeries on enslaved women, to the absence of Black people in studies that guide modernday medical decisions.
• There are mistaken assumptions claiming racebased biological differences.
• There is disrespect in the doctor’s office.
• Some are afraid of needles.
• Some believe internet myths.
• Some say they intend to get vaccinated but want to wait and see how others fare first.
• For some, the problem is no transportation to vaccination sites, no internet to get information on where and when to get vaccinated, or no regular physician. However, the shots are free and doctors aren’t needed to get them.
Some U.S. polls and statistics show hesitancy in some communities of color is falling, though vaccination rates are still highest among white people. In Chicago, the gap has narrowed, but rates for first doses are 36% white people, 30% for Latinos and 24% for Black people.
Simmons is on a mission to change that.
On one chilly March Saturday, his battleground was a laundromat in a workingclass neighborhood southwest of downtown Chicago. St. Anthony Hospital had set up a makeshift center where recruits gathered, as outreach workers took down contact information and arranged appointments.
Masked and carrying a folder of vaccine information, Simmons approached Tasha McClinton, 34, a stylish Black woman with long blond tresses pulling clothes from an orange duffel bag and putting them into a washer.
His shirt was the first pitch, emblazoned with the words, “It’s Worth the Shot,” and an image of a syringe. Next he offered to sign her up. McClinton shook her head no and listed her reasons.
She hasn’t been sick, she said, and no one in her family has gotten COVID-19. “It might cause me to have complications,” she added.
Simmons accepted that and walked away.
But he returned a few minutes later, apologizing “if I caught you off guard,” and told her, “I was just really interested in why you aren’t interested.”
She said she doesn’t trust the shots and declined his pamphlets.
“You don’t want to be really pushy,” Simmons said later. “You (have) to be a good judge of character too.”
C.B. Johnson, who runs a Chicago drug-recovery group in the Black neighborhood where he grew up, is helping people there get vaccinated. He said that insider credibility helps. So does patience.
“We deal with a lot of people that a lot of people don’t want to deal with,” Johnson said. “We’re able to give them the option to say, ‘Hey, if you want to do it we can get you there, but if you don’t, we will still be here when you decide that you want to.”’
“When you listen to what their concerns are and you hear them out and you validate their concerns, and then you come back and explain to them, ‘Hey, look, I mean what happens if you catch COVID? Would you rather have the vaccine that helps you?’”
Community activist Debra Stanley helps lead a support group for former drug users and ex-offenders in South Bend, Ind. Vaccination was the topic at one recent meeting, and skeptics spoke up.
When Goodwill employee Sonya Chandler mentioned seeing social-media posts about weird vaccine side effects, Darryl McKinney, an Air Force veteran, whipped out his cellphone and read Centers for Disease Control and Prevention information aloud.
Stanley gently chided in responding, “Darryl got his information from CDC, you got yours from Facebook. Know your sources.”
Still, McKinney said he doesn’t trust the U.S. government and won’t get vaccinated.
“Last time I was at my barber, a few guys were talking about it,” McKinney said. “We’re not going to be guinea pigs.”