Reducing chances of colon cancer
It can be a silent killer, but the message on prevention of colon cancer is loud and clear.
Colorectal or colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and the third most common cancer in men and women.
Gastroenterologist Aaron Levy, MD, shares information about colon cancer risk factors, screening and prevention.
What is colon cancer?
Colon cancer is an abnormal growth in the lining of the large bowel (colon and rectum). It can spread to other parts of the body and is the third most common cause of death in women and second most common cause of death in men in the United States.
Who is at risk?
The risk of getting colon cancer increases with age. It is higher in men than in women. A family history of colon cancer, especially a first-degree relative (mother, father, sibling, or child) may put you at a higher risk. Your racial and ethnic background or your personal health history could be a factor. African Americans, for example, have the highest incidence of colorectal cancer. People with a history of kidney transplants and people with Type 2 diabetes also have an increased risk.
Certain lifestyle behaviors can also increase a person’s risk for colon cancer, including a diet heavy in red and processed meats, having a sedentary lifestyle, being overweight or obese, smoking and heavy alcohol use.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms often don’t appear until colorectal cancer has spread, making treatment difficult.
Symptoms include changes in bowel patterns, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain or distension.
If you experience these symptoms, you should discuss those with your doctor. You may be able to do this from the comfort of your home through a telephone or video visit. You and your doctor can discuss the next steps to make sure you get the care you need.
How are people screened for colon cancer?
Some experts say that adults should start regular screenings at 50, but earlier for those at higher risk.
Your doctor may recommend getting tested more often or at a younger age if you are at higher risk. The Fecal Immunochemical Test or FIT test has become a very effective approach. It is a stool test performed in your home.
What happens if the result is positive?
A colonoscopy is required to look for the source of the blood-hemorrhoids, polyps, abnormal blood vessels and less often colon cancer.
How does screening benefit outcomes?
Screening can detect cancer earlier. It can also result in removing pre-cancerous polyps and prevent them from turning into cancer.
Besides screening, what are some tips to prevent colon cancer?
Watch your weight, as being overweight may increase your risk. Reduce consumption of animal fats and processed foods. Eat more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, poultry, and fish. Limit alcohol consumption, as alcohol may increase your risk for some types of cancer. Exercise for 30 minutes at least 5 times a week. Quit smoking to reduce your chance of getting colon cancer.