USA TODAY International Edition
‘Troublemakers’ revisits ghosts in the machines
Does the name Mike Markkula ring a bell?
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak usually get the credit for co-founding Apple, but Markkula deserves his own chapter — or more, Leslie Berlin argues in her new book, Troublemakers: Silicon Valley’s Coming of Age (Simon & Schuster, 512 pp., ★★★☆ out of four).
Jobs and Wozniak had the ideas and prototypes; but Markkula, the first chairman of Apple, helped arrange the funding for the company and apply the adult supervision needed to get Apple products into stores.
Berlin’s book looks at pioneers such as Markkula and others from the earliest days of Silicon Valley, as she shows how they laid the groundwork back in the 1970s and 1980s for the tech boom of today.
The author, who is project historian for the Silicon Valley Archives at Stanford University, tells of interviewing Jobs in 2003 and asking him why he enjoyed spending time with older veterans of the Valley, including Intel’s Robert Noyce and Andy Grove. He told her, “You can’t really understand what is going on now unless you understand what came before.”
And that’s the point of Berlin’s book, to take a step back and revisit the earliest days of computing, when machines engulfed entire rooms at corporations and had less memory than a smartwatch.
The early days — and how primitive they were — are an important milestone to document and make for an entertaining read.
The author also visits the birth of the Internet and microprocessor, and companies such as Atari, Xerox, Genentech and Activision.
The stories that resonated the most for this reader were Apple and Atari.
Of Apple, most people remember that the company invented the personal computer, but saw its innovations quickly usurped when Microsoft and IBM teamed to offer a different type of personal computing. Berlin takes us back to the formative years, and shows, in a way I haven’t read before, just what a calming and disciplined approach Markkula brought to making Apple what it was — securing funding and getting products into customers’ hands.
Atari created the world’s first popular video game, Pong started in 1972 in video arcades, and then brought games to the home (then a radical idea) with a portable console that plugged into the TV. Video games had their ups and downs, but today it’s a $100 billion a year industry. Those formative ideas changed the way we look at movies and TV shows as well, and are now morphing into virtual and augmented reality — thanks to Atari’s Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney.
Many of us forget that before Apple, young Steve Jobs worked at Atari, shortly after dropping out of college. While Apple had early initial successes, they were nothing compared with Atari, which Berlin ably points out, in colorful detail.
Troublemakers is a fun and welldocumented read. I look forward to what should be a sequel concerning Google, Facebook and Amazon.