Chauvin trial ‘like reliving’ 1991 Rodney King case
Chauvin trial ‘like reliving history’ for those in LA in 1990s
Those who lived through that watershed moment 30 years ago worry about a painful repeat.
Four white police officers surround a Black man as he is harmed. An amateur video is shot of the encounter. The footage goes viral, prompting massive unrest and calls for social reforms.
Three decades before George Floyd died under the knee of Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin, whose trial is underway, a similar recorded moment unfolded in Los Angeles as police batons rained down on Rodney King, 25.
The beating of King 30 years ago this month, captured on a Sony Video8 Handycam by a plumber named George Holliday, was a watershed moment in the nation’s fraught history of race relations. Black Americans were familiar with police brutality, but now the rest of the nation could see it with their own eyes.
A year later, the trial was moved from racially diverse downtown Los Angeles to the primarily white suburban enclave of Simi Valley. The mostly white jury acquitted the officers, and largely Black South Los Angeles exploded in violent uprisings that claimed more than 60 lives, injured nearly 2,400 and caused about $700 million in damage.
For those who lived through the King trauma – a mix of activists, politicians and attorneys reached by USA TODAY – there is a deep concern that the Chauvin case could offer a painful repeat of the past.
“When I look at what’s happening in Minneapolis, I see LA in 1992, so it’s like reliving history again,” said Zev Yaroslavsky, 72, who was a Los Angeles city councilman at the time.
Of Floyd’s death, Yaroslavsky, director of the Los Angeles Initiative at the University of California, Los Angeles’ Luskin School of Public Affairs, said, “What happened that instant, on that sidewalk, at that moment, that was not a one-off. It’s a story that has replayed itself for decades.”
What may also repeat itself – despite the presence of a nine-minute cellphone recording of Floyd saying, “I can’t breathe” and asking for his mother before dying – is a verdict that many in communities of color would find unsatisfying, especially now that Chauvin attorneys requested a continuance and change of venue after Floyd’s family received a $27 million settlement from the city of Minneapolis.
Chauvin faces charges of second-degree unintentional murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter.
“I can see charges for an offense less than murder resulting here, which is not what I’m advocating for in the least,” said John Burris, an Oakland, California-based attorney who was among the lawyers who represented King in 1992 in his civil trial against the city of Los Angeles, which awarded King $3.8 million in damages.
Congresswoman Karen Bass, who represents some of the same parts of Los Angeles that exploded after the King verdict, said she “wondered again if this will be a moment we finally recognize what has been going on for generations and will we be able to bring about change? I still have that question mark with me. Will this trial produce justice?”
Even though the King beating was videotaped, “that didn’t produce justice,” said Bass, 67. “It was a profound feeling of overwhelming grief and sadness that it doesn’t seem to matter.”
In the aftermath of Floyd’s death, protests spearheaded by organizers in Black Lives Matter and other activist groups raged across the nation, most peaceful, though others resulted in violence and looting.
Burris, 75, said he hopes things remain calm in the wake of a Chauvin verdict.
“You don’t want other people to die or wind up in jail as a consequence of any verdict, because then nothing is gained,” he said. “With Floyd’s death, there were protests that included whites and others all over the country. Everyone who saw that video knew what they witnessed was wrong. You didn’t have that sort of universal feeling with King.”
If you fast-forward the videotape of history since King was beaten, other Black people have died at the hands of police, some caught on cellphone videos, others not. Their names include Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, Philando Castile and Breonna Taylor.
That saturation has had its effect, said Steven Lerman, 70, who was King’s main attorney during the civil trial.
“Society has changed, but in a way, it’s deadened our senses,” he said. “The King case was a shock, like putting your fingers in a socket. But since 1991, it seems blue on Black violence has escalated, and many people are numb.”
Todd Boyd, a professor of critical studies at the University of Southern California, said the country has made some progress since 1992.
“But we’re still having the same conversation people were having in the early ’90s and even before then,” he said. “The fact that we need to reference Rodney King and the riots to talk about George Floyd says in one sense that we have not made progress.”
‘The full glare’
It is hard to understate the impact of the King video in an age well before the ubiquity of cellphones and the internet. Grainy and raw, it captured a scene that for many Black Americans was painfully familiar, if publicly invisible.
Early in the morning of March 3, 1991, King and two friends wrapped up a night of partying and hopped into a car to head home.
Their speeding vehicle quickly caught the attention of California Highway Patrol officers. The chase moved onto city streets and drew police helicopters.
Holliday heard the commotion. He walked to the balcony of his apartment and switched on his camcorder. Holliday’s video shows a Tasered King being beaten repeatedly by officers before being handcuffed.
After initially failing to get the news media interested in his tape, Holliday got a TV station to play a short clip of it days later. The result was instant and electric, said Danny Bakewell, 75, a longtime activist who owns two newspapers, the Los Angeles Sentinel and the L.A. Watts Times.
“We were aware of being treated that way, but this was the first that it was recorded in the full glare of light, that’s what made it so shocking,” he said.
Boyd, the professor, was in a hotel room preparing for a job interview days after the police beat King.
As he ironed his pants, he turned on the news and watched in disbelief as a white man being interviewed explained that the cops wouldn’t have beaten King unless he was guilty.
“I was like, this guy is not only expressing his opinion, but he’s expressing the opinion of a lot of people,” he said. “And when I heard that, there was something about it that said to me the cops are going to get off.”
On April 29, 1992, after seven days of deliberations, a jury voted to acquit the four officers involved in King’s beating largely on the grounds that his resisting arrest prompted their actions.
Bass, a community activist, headed to a church in Los Angeles to help plan a response.
Bass drove through the intersection of Florence and Normandie avenues minutes ahead of a colleague whose car was hit by rocks, the same intersection where truck driver Reginald Denny was later hauled out of his cab and beaten almost to death before being rescued by four good Samaritans.
Manuel Pastor, 64, a professor at Occidental College in Los Angeles, was on campus when he heard the verdict. Pastor, who serves as director of the University of Southern California’s Equity Research Institute, went into a courtyard where students had started to gather. Outside, there was so much smoke from fires that the plumes blocked the sun. Despite years of working with the New Majority Task Force, a coalition aiming to bring together Black, Latino and Asian groups around economic issues, Pastor recalled feeling “pretty shattered by the civil unrest.”
Flying into Los Angeles from Chicago that night, songwriter and activist Jay King – no relation to Rodney King – noticed strange patches of orange dotting the urban tapestry below the clouds. In a matter of hours, large parts of Los Angeles were in flames.
The next day, King went to friends’ Black-owned restaurant. No one touched the eatery, but looters attacked nearby Korean-owned businesses. King, 59, said some community members had issues with Korean Americans who owned a number of neighborhood stores.
“You could just feel the tension, the hate, the racial conflicts,” he said. “It’s all thick in the air.” Edward Chang recalled turning on the television and being horrified by what he saw. “It was like watching a war,” said Chang, 64, a professor of ethnic studies at the University of California at Riverside and founding director of the Young Oak Kim Center for Korean American Studies. “It was a nightmare. People’s lifetime savings became ashes overnight.”
The financial damage of the riots in Koreatown was estimated at $400 million. Chang said the experience served as a “wake-up call” that launched political activism that helped place Korean Americans on city councils, school boards and state Legislature posts. After the acquittal of the four officers, attorney Lerman called King, whom he always called Glen, his middle name. King was livid when he heard about the verdict. “But I said, ‘Glen, you’ll do better now in the civil case, given these four guys got off,’” Lerman said. “And that’s what happened.”
In a negligence claim, King’s team successfully argued that his encounter with four Los Angeles Police Department officers was a civil rights violation that resulted in 11 skull fractures, permanent brain damage and emotional trauma.
Floyd video
The legal maneuverings in the King case could shape the outcome of the Chauvin trial, said some of the lawyers involved in those proceedings. In 1992, Los Angeles attorney John Barnett represented one of the four officers in the King case, Theodore Briseño. He said the Holliday video “created, in my view, a false belief on the part of the public that the guilty verdicts were preordained, so there were very high expectations.”
Barnett said the threat of violence or ostracization could influence jurors’ decisions in the Chauvin trial.
“We’re way past the part where we can assume jurors will decide cases based just on the facts, we have to predict they also will be influenced by the consequences of their verdict, and that’s contrary to our entire judicial system,” he said.
Another area of concern, experts said, is the $27 million settlement received by Floyd’s family members. That news resulted in the dismissal of two seated jurors in the case because they reported being aware of the settlement.
Lerman said he is surprised the judge did not copy the King script and ensure that the civil trial was delayed so its verdict wouldn’t affect Chauvin’s criminal trial. Whichever way things go in the Chauvin trial, those who vividly recall the King beating and trial said it is important to keep pushing for societal change even if it appears that the past 30 years have been discouraging on that front.
Former King attorney Burris urged those fighting for justice to keep their eyes on that larger prize of societal change as they watch the Chauvin trial unfold. “We as a society need to keep pushing to improve the system. Otherwise, there will be another King or another Floyd, just with another name,” he said.