Daily Nation Newspaper

Tipping the Manufactur­ing Growth Scales in Zambia

- By By By BUUMBA CHIMBULU By BUUMBA CHIMBULU By By By BUUMBA CHIMBULU By DR. E D WALA CHABALA

is no sacrificia­l lamb when it comes to payment of taxes as everyone is expected to play a part in Zambia’s economic developmen­t Zambia and sustenance, says Zambia Developmen­t Zambia Revenue Revenue Authority Authority (ZRA) (ZRA) by deadline of October. They will continue to Corporate will Agency Communicat­ion soon launch (ZDA) a Manager has WhatsApp Topsy tax test and also to refine the processes and rules Sikalinda. Sampa said. Mr Sampa explained that intention

payment cautioned solution entrepre- as the organisati­on around the operations of the mobile payment

He said commercial by its legal banks mandate, have ZRA joined was the of the proposal was to make sure that carrying neurs mobile that payment continues it is transactio­n not to leverage disburs- module on latest under channels,” Mr Mwanza said in an interview. out a merger was not burdensome. empowered innovation­s Competitio­n to collect to simplify revenue and Consumer payment from all of taxes. approved ing the National Protection sources Financial Commission on behalf Switch of (CCPC) the (NFS) Government. which has any business grants to Mr Mwanza however indicated that all “I think Zambia’s merger fees are currently Consequent­ly, the innovation will enable Commercial Banks had already migrated

Micro, intends proposed Mr Sikalinda to lower a reduction said the the cost notion of of merger handling that ZRA fees money which

Small and Medium the highest in the world, with a cap of maximum customers pay their taxes through WhatsApp, under phase which required that required employees Enterprise­s among are currently consumers were at exempted a maximum by using from a of joint paying K5 million system. tax was

(MSMEs). K5 million which is about US$250, we are offering The Switch, them which the convenienc­e went live on they the 23rd need. switching Automatic Teller Machines (ATMS) untrue as ZDA a not law reducing did in not any part- cost basically saying why not reduce the cost

This way as is the of according to the ZRA discrimina­te Corporate of doing in terms of and Point of Sale (POS) transactio­ns to the NFS who nership September business. should pay 2018 tax on in a the trial country. basis, is the first ever

with an organisa- of doing business by reducing the merger local Communicat­ions nationwide shared Manager, platform, Topsy which Sikalinda. will from the VISA. Mr Mwanza explained that the notificati­on fees. tion ZRA Zambia’s Mr called officers, Sikalinda ‘BACC’ merger he said said, fees in the were offering WhatsApp are the most highest tax payment in the process for the first phase was up and running compliant business facilitate world, says for taxpayers. exchange CCPC Executive of informatio­n Director, on Chilufya digital “So there is a proposal that has gone to the payments solution would throughout grants supplement to the entrepre- Country. the existing smoothly.

Sampa. He was speaking in an interview with the Daily Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry. It

neurs, e-payment The first group options of participan­ts of bank walk-in, are already straight-to-

warns acting Manager “There was a time when the five banks who has not taken effect yet, so that is where we Nation Communicat­ions bank Mr in Sampa and Lusaka. mobile said money CCPC and Public had payments submitted on all a the had deployed in-deposit taking machines, running proposal “It does mobile not to the matter switching Ministry whether of transactio­ns Commerce, one is an on Trade the are,” he said.

Relations, live three environmen­t, mobile Kabwe service says Phiri. providers. Bankers Associatio­n of that calibratio­n was finalised and the public Meanwhile, a tonne Mr Sampa on Tuesday, said CCPC but was gained employee and “As Industry we of continue the to Zambia reduce on this merger Revenue path fees of Authority innovation, to about or a Bank Zambia. US$5,470

Member Zambia US$50, (BAZ) of 000. Parliament Chief Executive who are the Officer, law makers,” Leonard Absa however indicated in the market nearly 26 percent since the 2020 bottom hit

Ms Phiri regretted that some can now deposit using the ATMs. ‘‘The Those notion are that ZRA currently employees allowing are companies which had unscrupulo­us Mwanza. the Authority is people soon and were very try- soon expected functionin­g very well. exempted from paying violated tax is the untrue as the Mr on March 19,” competitio­n Absa said. Act to pay in

to Sikalinda He launch was speaking a said. game-changer during the innovation Stanbic which is report “What that is remaining the gains under were the stopped NFS project by ing Bank He Mr to explained Mwanza Zambia’s swindle said that Anakazi entreprene­urs the the rest collection Banking of the commercial Online was in

organisati­on called ‘BACC’,” “The Agency law does not condemns discrimina­te instalment­s in terms as the of commission who was aware of banks expected were to already forever conducting change the on dimension a live of is investor the mobile worries channel over payment the deepening which On Monday, Copper prices rose as US different purporting Conversati­ons forms such be Episode ZDA. as taxes, Nine. levies she and said fees in a statement innovation, yester- TaxOnphone in and strongest should mobile money pay terms tax in such the country.’’ “This cash drive flow speaks challenges to our which corporate had come

tax payment in the country. is US-China the e-wallet rift. mobile “The where most-traded we - Mr will Sikalinda see July President, Donald Trump’s response to approved environmen­t “ZDA proposal has by transactio­ns Parliament. noted is to with pay while much dis- others less day. were than, in payment of taxes. heartless acts of intent to about strategic due plan to Covid-19. 2019-2021 which emphasizes their “The great minds of ZRA have always been FinTech, copper mobile contract money on the operators Shanghai and Futures banks China’s security legislatio­n on Hong Kong have pilot come phases. with bands. We are trying to pleasure brainstorm­ing Mr Sikalinda an said on how the taxes, to improve levies taxpayers’ and fees

advert going Ms Phiri warned ZRA, the he mem- explained, swindle was committed unsuspecti­ng to entre- enhanced Mr Sampa tax explained compliance that and some customer companies “The rest are doing their testing, they are in interchang­ing Exchange (ShFE) transactio­ns rose 0.9 from percent their various to was taking not as up severe to three as months the market to pay had for their were around increasing experience collected social the as from threshold they media any pay individual for to pur- about their taxes. or US$50 bers company This of million public has platforms,” transfer 44,660 Yuan he said. (US$6,274.94) a tonne.

to assisting be wary tax. taxpayers of preneurs to comply and with the their general tax pub- were focus, exempted implemente­d from paying structural customs changes duty on and their is that pilot phase small but mergers hopefully that before are taking end place of obligation­s Others were voluntaril­y motor vehicle through fee, simplifica­tion carbon of fine modernisat­ion expected. while others Mr reforms Trump went beyond. on Friday ordered in porting been the country, the that motivation entitled the Agency behind to pay them all is our regardless such innovation­s offers of and seek When confirma- fully in implemente­d, the session, the NFS contract will bring hit

lic money and therefore urges imports are organisati­ons listed as Public October do not notify. all the banks will be ready to integrate tax “Earlier processes and systems. the “A “For eliminatio­n lot Zambia of businesses Revenue of special lost Authority cash US flow, treatment the what desire we for is the disbursing over status the of last funds the few individual years,” in form he or of company. said a in tion an interview. with the ZDA about emissions or a other wide surtax, range le- insurance the of benefits general premium which public will levy, to take skills heed Benefit Organisati­ons like churches or Non- to the Prices “Currently e-wallet for it the switching is about red metal US$250,000 of transactio­ns rose to for their a very its for Mr highest a very Sikalinda big since levy, merger. said rural March the We electrific­ation organisati­on do 6 of not 44,800 want believed levy people Yuan. and did to Hong Government­al improve is that Kong if the a but business way Organisati­ons did taxpayers not has mention violated pay that their have and any taxes been the action grant He Mr itemised in Sikalinda partnershi­p said collection­s the with introducti­on the as income gitimate of tax, Government include developmen­t among institu- others, of this reduced warning fees as and the Agency between highest banks, as demand FinTech in and top mobile metals money consumer Three-month to that pay with too levy. simple much copper processes or even on failing the and London to efficient carry out Metal the competitio­n and that issued interact would with act an with undermine exemption in the one Authority way the certificat­e or U.S.-China the using other, the by we latest the Phase Value big the merger. initiative Added Tax We followed do (VAT), not the want excise launch it to duty, be of other like customs that, tourism

Ministry operators. China we want continued it of to Commerce, be maybe to recover, like Trade US$50, says 000 Absa or so system, taxpayers would just eased because had no percent reason the fee,” to Mr business one innovation­s,” he said.

“There is progress in terms tions of before they charges could to apply customers will because not be held responsibl­e removal for allowed Mr Mwanza them to pay in instalment­s,” he said. duty, innovation­s export duty, mineral as the royalty home-grown and property TaxOnline Exchange merger “The only notificati­on organisati­ons (LME) which 0.3 are of Ministry trade of Finance,” deal. he said. and ensuring Industry, that systems such USAID are and ready an for or integratio­n make any payments. of internatio­nal switching any loss fees. of money,” she said.

remain uncomplian­t.

BUUMBA CHIMBULU

OVER the have and last been its fifty products very years, few

it is true have truly Zambia’s iconic been manufactur­ing receiving Zambian products

that in these increased that sector have has put attention undergone Zambia on recent various the years, COVID- world. owned 19 continenta­l changes, around from or the global private map. Identified Like between Samsung 1964 as one to times, for of 1972, South the to most hy- giene, lucrative Korea. state led Maybe businesses import Mosi substituti­on fits in the years

particular­ly in form of washing to bill during come, for us, the the of even 70’s hands, sector and though 80’s is set one it and is to of the flourish not subsequent produced most as effective demand deindustri­alization by a Zambian for means leather of preventing raw business, under materials the and Structural the (hides) we spread may and of the finished actually Adjustment not goods own Programs is the anticipate­d brand! (SAPs). coronaviru­s, this cannot be to But exceed Over that the is supply a period, story in for the the another sector’s readily done everywhere, like coming time. value Perhaps addition decade. to another Gross product upon A soccer entering example a form might of pub- be we Domestic Africa could is consider Product projected (GDP) is to Boom? be at lic more the grew center fitting. steadily of In from that production about case, we 7% of can

transport. all What recall about a game the of “Kalingalin­ga” soccer played leather hand in Hand 1965 wash and to sanitiser a its system peak bye of products that should 37% was be such due portable to that the abundance all solution players moved of for hand in featured of GDP in a 1992. few weeks Ironically, ago? hygiene. synch livestock with on But each the soon continent. other, upon with The such the If during it had manufactur­ing’s not been an iconic peak

inch-perfect passes and harmoni- unfolding continent Zambian contributi­on has product of to about the GDP, before coronaviru­s 15% sector’s of now,

ous coordinati­on as if the players pandemic COVID-19 annual worlds growth cattle may in the rates have production, region, dipped certainly the were being moved around by a disruption­s giant with made negative a puppet percentage it into and master, that one. by this But increase followed slotting account this balls re- of small it was about number claimed a quarter of manufactur­ing potentiall­y over the

sulted in It the would goal in the as certainly if cost there of be was this true no prod- that op- last iconic was decade, performing Zambian overtaking poorly products and the is was

the uct posing shooting mode team of on financing up the so pitch. high of as new to global not liberalise­d. to trend. say that But, Similarly, there after Zambia’s have the

business render The it kind ventures unaffordab­le of soccer most that to people made most continent been liberalisa­tion no efforts possesses of industry, or product about

are commuters one aware salivate is when on bank one public loans. watched In trans- fact, it, 25% developmen­t manufactur­ing of the world’s initiative­s growth sheep has that and been when port. which goat population. This one hears called mention Nonetheles­s, for urgent of bank and

salivating would have con- loans, founded could deteriorat­ing it add is Pavlov usually products and to no in has end! very to averaged the unpal- list. immediate Africa 8% For in instance, accounts the five measures 5 a for years hair only product up to 8% to con- atable At demonstrat­ion terms. Like how in difficult such soc- it tribute of made 2018. worlds from an production oil from a nut of

to stabilisin­g the supply is cer to game, get the or loan, in the how example exorbitant of and cattle of a To therefore tree remedy hides growing and the about wildly poor price 14% in of hand of

the interest orchestra, rates is are successful and the most per- disdained sanitiser. goat Western performanc­e, and and sheepskins, This Southern Vision is where 2030 despite Zambia the col- formance underpinne­d aspect: the by collateral perfect the laboration its (mungongo) establishe­d significan­ce of in 2004 one some in livestock product envisions members that

harmony. banks ask for. is of production, demonstrat­ed Zambia the Zambia to be a trend a such “prosperous Associatio­n that potential. needs of

And It is when the graveyard there is such of harmo- failed to Alas, middle-income be it reversed. fizzled out country before by it the

businesses Manufactur­ers ny in the body is littered that came the with in. same many is was year Zambia’s effectivel­y 2030”. leather At the establishe­d. heart production of this

that in What perfect attempted contribute­d health. to Or start put to off the another trying sup- is Another economic dwarfed one developmen­t by is countries the multi-grain such plan as is

to ply way, shoulder of it hand is dis-harmony the sanitiser exorbitant in not the cost meet- body of Ethiopia breakfast the aspiration and cereal Kenya for that a technology who was have made bank that competitiv­e demand causes loans, disease. together leather was the with sectors fact the in that col- from based maize, and export rice and focused soya. lateral of Africa. the required. three The leather sources This sector ought of ethanol, in the be

It is indeed the case that when to Apparently, manufactur­ing its properties sector. By were a the no-brainer. body of the has major been If the ingredient­s struggling primary rea- to in one country such is young and all organs

2030, that effective the currently manufactur­ing claimed

son are why uncontamin­ated, people go into they business work hand regain healthiest entities sanitiser, competitiv­e that breakfast dynamicall­y advantage cereal

two were not is together to make in a perfect profit, harmony the question eas- available since on and competitiv­ely privatizat­ion global either market due in add 1991. did to value not inputs one ily has overcoming to ask themselves dis-eases is what that kind being In compare to fact, the out locally the with of sector season abundant this recorded Zambian or imports may of inevitably business invade will give the such body. a -3.5% cereal. natural disrupted growth Sadly, resources in it also 2019. by should suffered COVID-19 From be

big being But profit as the that body they ages, can the afford risk to of 1974 the in existence. same to 1996, fate By as the then, the Zambian hair the

pay containmen­t dis-harmony off a loan in at the more measures body than organs 30% in leather product. tanning subsector had

interest, neighbouri­ng increases pay and statutory starts countries. obligation­s leading This to five tanneries with installed manufactur­ing sector should manufactur­ing and industrial chains and industrial­ization are for effective planning. have developed and integrated base will be particular­ly also to be pursued. On another front, production its rural based, agro-based and important for building a strong Despite these notable costs remain high. Since business light ordination manufactur­ing. should then naturally Moreover, ask why export-oriented it could one of economy the most renowned aspiration­s, internatio­nal 10 years before endeavours, 2015, resources the country were not was only hit by

with super for success, profits, so it will it is family and friends. And this suffer Cooperativ­es as a society (SACCOs) and one are great that be the that sector’s products share with of GDP such tremendous and create Many personalit­ies resilience to both who has very 2030, beautiful the manufactur­ing hair has limited, but the increased pioneering power gentleman outages faced

not with take an aging long before body. others With much start makes sense. After one has put will examples continue of such condemn harmonious us to be promise should have for the been country increased end up petering external and been domestic known shocks. to be using sector mungongo continues oil for to perform unsurmount­able of periods barriers beyond to access 8 hours. them.

similar effort, the businesses body can and achieve the a ensu- har- their own resources into a new by-standers coordinati­on while at community other national- level. out to 36.12% before they and are manufactur­ing fully establishe­d. There In an effort her to hair. move So, away it should go despairing­ly without saying on that account Thirdly, of there Electricit­y was no “leniency” load management or “special

ing monious competitio­n existence would of all certainly the or- business idea, the immediate next ities When that I did come my into Masters our country degree, are exports probably as a different share of reasons for different from dependence the product on the developmen­t several to manufactur­e challenges.

result gans, in with erosion much of muted the super episodes prof- option to resort to would Faced arrangemen­t” by made with production the retailers more to support

be to prosper. one of There the classmates’ is in fact in fees, this in products. merchandis­e The exports mungongo-based expanded hair mining sector, and diversific­ation package this product threats such on that both women internal a and leather fledgling into new expensive export initiative markets. as or manufactur­ers start-up. Ethiopia’s All

its. of But dis-ease it not and only therefore new business long- persuade family and friends of the clear Pounds demonstrat­ion Sterling, were of paid suitable for by hand product to 71%. is a case in point. Anecdotall­y, is to be undertaken could effortless­ly along and readily external use fronts, it in their the

sanitiser that we have all sanitiser without any charge. fight against COVID-19, these leather are and issues relied leather for on products which expensive there industry alternativ­e needs has to

but in the country. While before ventures term successful that fall health. at the hurdle of merits of one’s new business sector idea. and a SACCO appropriat­e from the financing community for seen product Working on had the towards a market. lot going the for Vision, it. The women entire product hair value should chain have from easily turned has still it got more an than 20 be relatively effective reached power institutio­nal an sources. advanced arrangemen­ts Furthermor­e, stage for

But etha- The challenge was compound- also in the into fact that the ZAM the lockdown of some coun- high It is interest therefore rates. not Many without a cause non- Another way to put this is that if new where business she grew ventures. up. And One she of nar- the nol in the the can Government regions be produced where implements the from tree mo- is indigenous ed farms by the to agro-processing fact iconic that Zambian the 210 and product. litre percentage members, And if the amount usually growth points known supporting developmen­t to for efforts the tries and sector that boasts due is maybe to affected reputation the someday coronaviru­s by of a good

bank that the financial business institutio­n organisati­on has is one cannot persuade friends and open rated secrets it was of common success practice of the lasses. have five-year been developmen­t using the product plans for hair containers manufactur­ing, since of initially expense, at both sector donated time and attention overcome. their feisty the women Firstly, engagement­s even could with quality with its produce leather. steeply pandemic another Progress depreciate­d truly some in the iconic industry ethanol exchange Zambian was been depicted attracted as a biological to cash organism, in on the family to support their new busi- other in that nationalit­ies country for in business SACCOs in to time immemorial. Ostensibly with very in my life devote to grooming their hair is product. was the driven by rate. an Considerin­g industrial policy that most and alluring akin to But facilitate to the making high body. achievemen­t interest ethanol rates of in from the the by and ZamBeef enterprise Plc levels. and Within Zambia ness abundant government idea, raw how materials, regarding can one convince mat- our imported sponsor country students into is that the to they pursue country, primarily higher the impressive results. Only that to be able to anything to go by, that is not a farfetched As for the shift inputs breakfast that facilitate­d are imported, cereal, for for inducement the a country free- molasses market, vision All the 2030. only parts presented So to need get far, their the to Fifth work fingers lo- to- Breweries the 7NDP period, Plc were finance not and suit- third-parties country ters that lacks affect and capital their strangers equipment members, strategy to put mobilise thrust degrees by abroad. resources the ZAM for members financing use the mungongo product on hair the notion. whose of foreign people investment, are used prioritize­d to having foreign most gistical burnt gether and Sixth and in challenges. harmony left developmen­t nursing to achieve huge plans liabil- suc- able capital for for delivering production molasses and to money and like other over into inputs the their GST, venture? necessary have for now falling business may This kwacha ensure is ventures a community meant that among going that display- inputs them- for- village setting required boiling the very It unsurprisi­ngly follows from the above fine exchange things earnings, in life imported, gave prominence the notion of ities cess. have While from Dis-harmony lapsed. the Zambia fallout. Currently, in Sugar the the work- Plc exports What is also was to required be improved were transformi­ng come But, together having and said to adding work that, value in with a were selves. ward, ing harmony procured And the country the that at nature a contribute­s higher is of self-suffi- this price re- to hard nut for many hours to extract the Surya. oil. that not having this hair product on the a

to Zambian the upgrade cereal of is local one quality, is not aimed only to donated ings Seventh The and point 150 National operation that tons Developmen­t should of of the business not mate- be and access to tankers affordable to trans- country to government the raw like materials. ours, to contribute Secondly, family and to than source cient the success planned. in is that this of it product, Thus, students, will be locally patient, over which and it in This process made feasibilit­y of using specialise­d the shelves of major retailers has got to be alien,

increase but employment when sitting next growth to imported and targeted missed results Plan (7NDP) from in dis-function the - running above scenario from and poor is finance for farmers, agri- friends the right are mix rarely between willing industrial, to put manufactur­ed is turn, forgiving, will reinforce and goods of course the were success it will of rial product as part very limited, collaborat- especially for women port the molasses. the case of ZamBeef a characteri­stic addressing failure of the challenges cereals export markets. on retailer shelves, will most likely

of above stabilisin­g the supply that performanc­e. 2017 there until are 2021 different is being financing business MSMEs So, it is and patently exporters the money trade and in anybody’s tax policies new are business yet to less not the cost competitiv­e whole an arm community. and compared a leg. That Indeed, to is ing in urban efforts areas. by ZAM But it would members appear and most business. Lafarge new came product to the developmen­t. rescue COVID-19 And many in the country. be challenged chain more during by our these attitudes COVID-19 than solutions implemente­d. It is for for this business One reason of ventures the that pillars suc- at of high that value bank agricultur­al loans are venture. be found, In leaving fact, for uncertaint­y us it The would strategy goods members kind in Ethiopia imported of of financing the made from community that use cheaper need- liv- to women contribute in the urban to normalisin­g areas are very familiar by case donating challenges tankers to contribute­d trans- rarely to this. The Firstly, ZAM COVID-19 the quality and times. nutritiona­l value of the different cessful of the 7NDP businesses stages is “Economic of devote developmen­t, signifi- products of economic diplomacy and extended

most enhanced. ideal form Aside of financ- from be on the true domestic to say that economy, family not and jurisdicti­ons ed ing for together a start-up and/or in to harmony be with establishe­d higher could the with supply the properties of hand of mungongo sanitisers, oil port on hair the molasses. the whole effort of undertakin­g Response product Team, headed local discretion­ary by product. the authorizat­ions This And is a while very important to attract before and cant Diversific­ation that amounts not all of and effort forms Job and of financ- time to ing enhancing It is a when business there agricultur­e start-up. is such harmony value In fact, in the friends excluding body that may the be manufactur­ing same the ones is in standing economies and attend to flourish. to respectful of scale. management transporti­ng because allegedly when molasses the product was Thus, Surya developmen­t was able and pro- commercial­ising ZAM president, the considerat­ion Ezekiel COVID-19 to take into account pandemic because Surya ing developing Creation” are suitable aimed strategy. at every improving The business chains, perfect Mr keenly foreign that wait- investment of Does But infrastruc­ture we to this can industrial mean also such learn that zones as from schools, oth-

markets health. other interventi­ons Or put another such way, it is on sector. dis-harmony the side-lines A steady in very the policy body once stocked in one of the major retailers, in mungongo where statistics hair product of was a lone hard as policy makers and manufactur­ers from venture. strategy production Mazabuka is For used instance, as productivi­ty. a tool to the for outside suitable creat- duce as causes promoting bulk disease. hand local sanitiser and foreign and ing environmen­t Sekele, for the has venture mobilised is relevant to collapse, its for and mem- the economic if manufactur­ing er was clinics, African parks operating etc, for countries if the not is tanning doomed even below that build have going capac- such, es- it out-sold some of already establishe­d new business man ventures effort using and their household appliances. may try to substitute imports locally Chisamba hair sources ing It is harmony products anticipate­d hides on the that shelves. a can strong be tanned Why, financing participat­ion per are Secondly, in kept, mining it as has value is country the been case suffers growth in most insufficie­nt of of the such sector as made products, if the attitudes of people

of where financing in the organisati­on. the a ethanol start-up other members, ZamBrew, not bers actually to come even together throwing it sector. to allows con- in Markets forward? tablished ity, as for were working Certainly very liberalize­d good strong of with the not. to Savings community. While, allow Tandem and was are day. Just totally to like be produced different on the soccer from proved those pitch, a Coca All Cola the staff Bottlers, advanced in the etc tanning business offered skills. spanner tribute community Additional­ly, to here government level. and there there leather to efforts accel- products Credit Consulting, The to be contrary Cooperativ­es sold it from has of the now foreign- (SACCOs) above put in is demonstrat­ed that the majority know what they need to do, when While it is unlikely that owned com- tanneries to local manufactur­ers

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BUUMBA CHIMBULU
SOME
COPPER prices rose to their highest in nearly three months yesterday as stronger manufactur­ing data from top consumer China and the loosening of lockdowns imposed contain Covid-19 fuelled expectatio­ns of healthier demand.
BUUMBA CHIMBULU
ZAMBIA
BUUMBA CHIMBULU THERE BUUMBA CHIMBULU SOME COPPER prices rose to their highest in nearly three months yesterday as stronger manufactur­ing data from top consumer China and the loosening of lockdowns imposed contain Covid-19 fuelled expectatio­ns of healthier demand. BUUMBA CHIMBULU ZAMBIA
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