Nigeria slumps into recession as oil output drops

ABUJA - Africa’s largest economy has slumped into a recession in the third quarter as oil production dropped to a four-year low.

Nigeria’s gross domestic product shrank 3.6 percent in the three months through September from a year earlier, compared with a 6.1 percent contraction in the previous quarter, Statistician-General Yemi Kale said at the weekend in a report released on Twitter. The median estimate of six economists in a Bloomberg survey was for a 5.3 percent decline.

Oil production fell to 1.67 million barrels a day from 1.81 million barrels in the previous three months. That’s the lowest since the third quarter in 2016, when the economy was in a contraction that lasted for over a year. Africa’s top crude producer cut production in order to reach full OPEC+ compliance.

While crude contributes less than 10 percent to Nigeria’s GDP, it accounts for about 90 percent of foreign-exchange earnings and half of government revenue. That means the plunge in oil prices in the wake of the pandemic, which struck as the economy’s recovery from a 2016 slump was still gaining traction, has emptied coffers.

The contraction could further complicate the task of the central bank’s monetary policy committee as it starts its two-day meeting on interest rates on Monday. The panel surprised with a 100-basis-point cut in September to support the economy.

Already above target for more than five years, inflation has continued to accelerate and pressure on the naira increased, which may force the MPC to hold on Tuesday.

The twin impact of coronavirus lockdowns and the plunge in the price of oil hit the country’s economy harder than most on the continent. That came on top of land borders that’s been closed since last August in an attempt to curb smuggling and boost local production. Instead, it’s weighed on Nigerian exports and on the supply of some food products, adding to inflation.