Kukosha kwekuchinjanisa mbeu
VARIMI vazhinji vanoziva kana kuti vakatombonzwa nezve “crop rotation”. Nokudaro nhau iyi haisi itsva asi kuti kune vamwe varimi vasiri kuikoshesa zvokuti vanoramba vachirima mhando imwe chete yembeu panzvimbo imwe cheteyo mwaka wegawega.
Crop rotation itsika inoshandiswa nemurimi kuronga kuti odyara mbeu ipi yemuriwo uye kuti oidyara papi mumunda kana mubindu rake gore negore kana kuti mwaka wega wega. Pahurongwa ihohu, murimi anofanira kuona kuti anochinjanisa mbeu pandima imwe chete. Vamwe varimi vanofunga kuti kuchinjanisa mbeu dzemiriwo hakuna kukosha vachiti zvakangokosha kuzvirimwa zvakaita sechibage nesoya beans. Chokwadi ndechokuti kuchinjaniswa kwembeu kwakanyanya kukosha kumiriwo nokuti mizhinji yacho inokasika kuibva asi panguva pfupi iyoyo inenge yatosangana nematambudziko ezvipembenene nezvirwere.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvipembenene nezvirwere zvinokasika kubata miriwo panguva pfupi iyoyo zvekuti zvinenge zvotoda kuti mbeu ichinjwe.
Zvakakoshera kuchinjanisa mbeu:
Kuchinjanisa mbeu dzemiriwo kwakanakira zvinhu zvakawanda. Mhando yemuriwo umwe neumwe ine zvipembenene nezvirwere zvinoibata. Kana mhando imwe chete ikaramba ichirimwa panzvimbo imwe chete, dambudziko rezvipembenene nezvirwere rinokura, zvinoberekana zvowanda. Murimi anozotarisana nekuderera kwegoho pamwe chete nekurwisana nezvirwere zvichida kuti afirite nemishonga yakawanda. Nekufamba kwenguva, zvipembenene nezvirwere izvi zvinotozonetsa kuuraya kuti zvipere.
Kuti dambudziko rezvipembenene nezvirwere riderere, zvinokurudzirwa kuti murimi achinjanise miriwo yaanorima. Kana mhando yemiriwo ikachinjwa, zvipembenene nezvirwere zvinenge zvirimuvhu zvinovhiringidzika zvimwe zvofa nokuti zvinenge zvasangana nechikafu chisiricho chazvajaira.
Kuchinjanisa mbeu kunobatsirawo kuchengetedza ivhu uye zvinoderedza kurasikirwa nevhu repamusoro (soil erosion). Kana murimi akadyara mhando yemuriwo mumwe chete mwaka yakatevedzana panzvimbo imwe chete, zvinoita kuti muriwo iyoyo urambe uchitora kudya (nutrients) kubva panzvimbo imwe chete. Nokudaro kudya uku kunoderera kana kupera izvo zvinozoita kuti goho riderere.
Kuti izvi zvigadziriswe, zvinotoda kuchinjanisa mhando dzemiriwo dzinotora kudya kwadzo kubva pakasiyana muvhu. Semuenzaniso, madomasi anoita midzi inodzika pasi kudarika mita imwe. Kana murimi akaramba achidyara madomasi pandima imwe chete, kudya kuri muvhu kunoderera nokudaro zvinodawo kuchinja mbesa murimi ombodyara muriwo wakaita semacabbage ayo ane midzi isinganyanyi kudzika pasi.
Kana murimi akaita izvi, pasi pasi panga pachitorwa kudya nemadomasi panowana nguva yekugadzirisika pachivakika kudya kwakanaka.
Kuchinjaniswa kwembeu kunobatsira kuderedza dambudziko resora/bundo mumunda. Kana murimi akadyara mbeu imwe chete mwaka nemwaka panzvimbo imwe chete, kazhinji panotoita sora rinobva ratojairira kukura kana kurarama pane mbesa iyoyo.
Muchidimbu, kuchinjanisa miriwo panzvimbo imwe chete kwakakosha nokuti kunobatsira kuderedza dambudziko rezvipembenene, zvirwere, kuderedza sora, kugadzirisa ivhu pamwe chete nekuderedza kurasikirwa nevhu - zvese izvi zvichiita kuti murimi awane goho repamusoro uye kuti abate mari yakawanda.
Kune vamwe varimi vanoti kunyangwe vanzwa kukosha kwekuchinjanisa mbeu, ivo vanoramba kuzvitevedzera vachiti kana zviri zvekutyira zvipembenene nezvirwere aiwa vachagadzirira kufirita. Izvi hazvikurudzirwi zvachose nokuti mishonga ikawanda inokanganisa mamiriro ekunze uyezve inokonzeresa kuti zvipembenene nezvirwere zvinozopedzisira zvajairira mishonga kusvikira zvisingachafi (resistance). Uyezve, apo murimi anoronga kutenga nekushandisa mishonga yakawanda anofanira kuziva kuti zvinomuburitsira mari izvo zvinozoita kuti mari yaanozowana inosara muhomwe (profit) idzikire.
Kuronga kuchinjanisa mbeu:
Pane nzira dzakawanda dzinogona kushandiswa nemurimi kuti ochinjanise mbeu dzake.
i) Kuchinjanisa mbeu zvichienderana nemhuri yadzinobva.
Nyanzvi dzinoona nezvekuisa zvirimwa mumapoka vanozviisa zvichienderana nefamily, genes, species. Zvirimwa zviri mumhuri (family) imwe chete zvinobatwa nezvirwere uye nezvipembenene zvakafanana nokudaro, hazvifaniri kuteverana mumunda. Muenzaniso ndewe madomasi nembatatisi izvo zviri mumhuri imwe chete yeSolanacaea. Zvirimwa izvi hazvifaniri kurimwa zvichiteverana. Pabva madomasi panofanira kuteverwa nechirimwa chakatosiyana zvachose semuriwo werape kana rugare.
ii) Imwe nzira yekuchinjanisa mbeu ndeye kutarisa kudya kunodiwa nechirimwa. Kune dzimwe mbeu dzinoda kudya kwakawanda kudarika dzimwe, koitawo dzimwe dzinotowedzera kudya muvhu dzakaita semalegumes sebhinzi. Kana murimi akadyara mbeu inoda kudya kwakawanda sembatatisi, anofanira kuteverwa nembeu inodzoredzera kudya muvhu sepizi idzo dzozoteverwawo nembeu inoda kudya kushoma sebeetroot kana carrot.
iii) Nzira yetatu inogona kushandiswa nemurimi pakuronga kuchinjanisa mbeu kuisa mbeu dzakasiyana mumapoka mana anoti; legumes (peas, beans), root (carrot, onion, garlic, beetroot)
fruit (cucumber, butternut, tomato, peppers, watermelon)
leaf (lettuce, cabbage, rape, covo, broccoli, herbs)
Zvinoreva kuti pabva legume sebhinzi panoiswa root crop secarrot poteverwa nefruit yakaita secucumber kana mapeppers pozoteverwa neleaf selettuce kana covo.
Kuti varimi vazive zvakawanda pamusoro pembeu dzinotengeswa kuPrime SeedCo, batai madhumeni edu akatekeshera nenyika yose.
Nembeu dzePrime Seed Co unoita mari!
Elizabeth Benjamin murimisi kuPrime Seed Co uye anobatika panhare dzinoti: 0731 432 590