Revitalising African democracy from decolonial lenses
OUR journey as African nations with democracy, democratisation, and elections is a sophisticated narrative intertwined with historical, cultural, and socio-political dynamics.
In recent decades, there has been unilateral efforts to foster and cultivate democratic principles across the continent, often in response to colonial legacies and Western influence that sought to participate in African democratic affairs.
My piece delves into the subtle differences in expression of African democracy, explores the process of democratisation, and examines the role of elections in shaping political landscapes.
It also challenges Western-centric perspectives, advocating for a decolonial approach to understanding and revitalising African democracy for the preservation of African cultures, our heritage.
Democracy in Africa is not a monolithic concept, but a tapestry of diverse experiences, reflecting the continent’s rich diversity of cultures, traditions, and governance systems.
Former United States President, Abraham Lincoln once said: “That these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
This speech by the then US President has been deemed the best known speech on democracy. It is the dream of any nation. This could be regarded as ideal for any nation. The Western countries have chosen to swing democracy and define democracy in a way that suits them.
Derived from two words from two Greek words: “demos”, meaning the people and “kretos”, meaning power, democracy translates to “the power of the people”, while this may be universal meaning, this “power to the people” may not be applied homogeneously across different countries.
Colonialists retarded democracy in Africa. They highly influenced how the Africans were supposed to be treated as opposed to their own liberty. Colonisation also distorted how democracy is perceived in Africa.
The question now is democracy for who from who.
Should we as African or particularly Zimbabwe nationals adopt democracy in the same way that western countries have?
It must be of paramount importance to know that the power of the people is not derived from the same things. It may be appreciated and realistic, but should not be imposed on Africa.
From the grassroots movements advocating for social justice to the institutional reforms at the national level, African democracy is constantly evolving. It covers the aspirations of African peoples for freedom, equality, and meaningful participation in governance.
Democratisation, on the other hand, refers to the process of transitioning towards democratic systems of governance.
African nations have made significant strides in democratisation, with many embracing multiparty systems, enhancing civil liberties, and promoting inclusive political participation.
Elections play a pivotal and vital role in the democratisation process, serving as a mechanism for political expression and accountability. Elections are a crucial cornerstone of democracy, providing opportunities for citizens to voice their preferences and hold leaders accountable.
One of the critical lenses through which African democracy must be revitalised and rejuvenated is the decolonial perspective.
Historically, Western powers imposed colonial structures and ideologies that continue to influence African governance and political thought.
Decolonisation involves challenging and dismantling these inherited systems of oppression, reclaiming African agency,
and reshaping democratic processes based on indigenous values and principles for Africa, by Africans.
Debunking Western ideologies requires a re-evaluation of key democratic concepts such as representation and governance.
For example, while Western democracies
prioritise individual liberties, African societies often emphasise communal values and collective well-being. It is our culture.
This divergence necessitates a specific approach to democracy that respects cultural diversity and promotes inclusive decision-making among our people.
Furthermore, the legacy of colonialism has left enduring imprints on African institutions, leading to challenges such as neocolonial exploitation, economic dependency, and political manipulation.
Revitalising African democracy requires addressing these structural inequalities, fostering economic empowerment, and strengthening the rule of law to ensure genuine democratic governance.
African nations can draw inspiration from their own histories of resistance and resilience in the quest for democratic renewal.
Movements such as Pan-Africanism and anti-colonial struggles offer valuable lessons in unity, self-determination, and social justice. By embracing these indigenous ideologies, African democracies can chart a course towards inclusive development and meaningful participation for all citizens.
In conclusion, revitalising African democracy from decolonial lenses requires a paradigm shift that challenges Western hegemony and embraces African agency and diversity.
Democratisation is an ongoing journey that demands collective efforts to strengthen African institutions, economies and promote inclusive governance. By reclaiming indigenous ideologies and cultures, Africa can build resilient democracies that reflect the aspirations and values of its diverse peoples.
◆ Kudzaishe Taba is a final year student at Africa University, studying International Relations and Diplomacy.