Genetic testing
Currently we know of several ‘cancer protection genes’ that, when working properly, lower the risk of breast and ovarian cancer, and other types of cancer. The best understood protection genes are called BRCA1 (BREAST CANCER 1) and BRCA2 (BREAST CANCER 2) genes. Mutations in these genes result in impaired repair of DNA, and an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
Most people who develop breast cancer have no family history of the disease. However, when a strong family history is present, or if these cancers develop at an early age, there may be reason to believe that a person has inherited a mutation in one of these genes. In this instance, you may choose to undergo genetic testing, which involves giving a blood or saliva sample that can be analysed to pick up any abnormalities.
As of November 2017, a Medicare rebate of $1,200 was made available for a test panel of up to eight genes, including the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, for women diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer who are assessed as likely to have a genetic mutation that increases their risk. This is usually determined by genetic counsellors at a familial cancer clinic. Women diagnosed with breast cancer will be able to access genetic testing under this rebate if their family history or the clinical characteristics of their cancer put them at high risk of having a genetic mutation. A cancer specialist will be able to assess the risk using one of the established tests that predict the likelihood that someone has a mutation that increases their risk of breast or ovarian cancer.