What is ETCS?

The in-cab signalling system entails trains being in permanent digital contact with signalling and traffic management software.

Instead of lineside signals, instructions are relayed to the driver via an in-cab display. Ultimately, Automatic Train Operation is possible.

And instead of fixed signals controlling specific geographical ‘blocks’ of track, software determines the separation between trains on the move.

Called ‘moving block’, it creates a safe space around the train (keeping it apart from the one ahead) and takes account of its braking and other characteristics. The train’s location is detected by lineside balises. The key benefit is that more trains can run on the same track, avoiding expensive infrastructure upgrades such as four-tracking.

With a European standard, many manufacturers can supply equipment, all of which is compatible. New trains are already fitted with ETCS, needing only a software upgrade. Existing stock is being retro-fitted including the world’s first in-cab signalling on a steam locomotive, to be tested in 2023.