The Doc Replies

Our expert answers your medical questions

Why does lymphoedema cause swelling? How can you reduce it?

Lymphoedema is when the lymphatic system doesn’t drain properly and causes swelling. The lymphatic system is a network of thin tubes and lymph nodes that helps fight infections and removes fluid (lymph) that has leaked from blood vessels into tissues.

Primary lymphoedema is genetic and quite rare. Secondary lymphoedema is caused by damage to the lymphatic system and is more common. It can result from cancer treatment. For example in breast cancer, lymph nodes in the armpit can be damaged due to surgery and perhaps radiotherapy, so patients are advised to avoid trauma to their arm and doctors would avoid taking blood from the area. Symptoms are aching, swelling and tight skin and the condition can be complicated by a secondary infection, cellulitis. Treatment is compression to minimise the build-up of fluid. You can get special compression garments from specialist lymphedema clinics and massage can also be effective. The Lymphoedema Support Network is also a good source of information and support. Any advice before donating blood?

Eat regularly before donating blood so you don’t feel light-headed or dizzy and drink enough water, at least 500ml before donating. Avoiding vigorous exercise before and after. If you think you might be nervous you can take a book or listen to music as a distraction. Check online for any reasons you may not be able to donate blood, for example if you are on a certain medication.

What causes papilloedema?

Papilloedema is a swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure and is usually bilateral. It can be caused by swelling due to brain tumours or abscess, cerebral haemorrhage, meningitis, encephalitis, and thrombosis. Papilloedema can be accompanied with a headache and can enlarge your blind spot and blur vision. It could eventually lead to sight loss. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.