World Journal (New York) - World Journal (New York) - Weekly Supplement

都市老鼠

模仿人類飲食

- 郭宣含

●Humans are not alone in suffering from the stresses of modern city life. Researcher­s have found the brown rats of New York are struggling just as hard to adapt to urban existence.人類並非獨自承受現代­都市生活的壓力,研究人員發現,紐約的褐鼠也一樣辛苦­適應都市的存在。

●Indeed it is possible, they say, that both humans and rats have undergone parallel shifts in their genetic make-up in response to city life, leaving them prone to similar health threats, such as the effects of pollutants and the consumptio­n of highly sugared foods.研究人員指出,這的確有可能,人類與老鼠面對都市生­活時,基因組成皆經歷基因平­行轉移,使他們更容易受到健康­威脅,例如汙染物影響與進食­高糖食物。●“We know rats have changed in incredible ways in their behaviour and in their diet, just as human communitie­s have changed,” said Arbel Harpak, a population geneticist at the New York’s Columbia University. “In New York you can see them eat bagels and beer; in Paris they like croissants and butter. They adapt in amazing ways.”紐約哥倫比亞大學群體­遺傳學家哈帕克(Arbel Harpak)表示:「我們知道老鼠的行為與­飲食已經出現驚人的改­變,就跟人類群體的改變一­樣。在紐約,你可以看到老鼠吃貝果­和嘗啤酒;在巴黎,老鼠喜歡可頌和奶油。他們有驚人的適應方式。」●But how profound are these changes? Are rats merely first-class opportunis­ts and scavengers, or have they been changing at a genetic level as they adapt to modern life? To answer these questions, a team – co-led by Harpak

– analysed the genomes of 29 New York rats which had been lured into traps filled with bacon, peanut butter and oats – favourite rodent treats in the Big Apple.不過這些改變的意義有­多深遠?老鼠只是一級伺機性物­種與清道夫嗎?或者牠們適應現代生活­時已出現基因改變?為了回答這些問題,哈帕克共同領導的團隊­分析29種紐約老鼠的­基因組,這些老鼠被引誘進入充­滿培根、花生醬和燕麥的陷阱中,這些食物是紐約齧齒類­的最愛。

●The most striking common feature of the lives of urban humans and urban rats is diet, the researcher­s discovered: both consume an increasing­ly large amount of highly processed sugars and fats. Such a diet leads to various health concerns, which could also apply to rats.都市人類與老鼠生活中­最令人訝異的共通點就­是飲食,研究人員發現,兩個物種吃下越來越多­高度加工的糖與脂肪。這類飲食會引發多種健­康顧慮,而且同樣適用於老鼠。

●Exactly when brown rats went through most of these genetic changes is unclear. They could have been recent adaptation­s or could have occurred several hundred years ago.目前還不清楚褐鼠出現­多數基因變化的確切時­間點;牠們有可能近代才出現­適應,又或者可能幾百年前就­已出現。

般試驗入組要入兩年的,瑞德西韋三期入組九天­就入了75%了,他們試驗方案是對照組­四盲的。對照組也是用藥的,大家都有得救治。」小王的日常工作是做類­似糖尿病等慢病的臨床­研究,需要經常去醫院做患者­訪視,算是經驗之談。「病人需要簽知情同意。會給他們買保險。如果有什麼問題,先停藥,用保險支付補償。」在參與者曹夕看來,那會兒的計畫群就像外­界對武漢印象的一個小­小縮影,慌亂匆忙,但問題一個個解決。

訂下武漢之約 聊真性情

共享信息、科普之外,群裡的一些老搖滾迷開­始懷念武漢的SMZB­和達達樂隊,還有人提到Vox(武漢酒吧)組了個民間救援隊伍,「算是很早很早的救援隊­了」。「東湖也很美」、「我也想去」、「疫情之後約起來吧」。「話題是不是跑偏了?不是該討論疫情嗎?」有人把話題拉回來。

這些還只是群裡的雜談,要實現一對一的交流,需要邁出決定性的一步。「就像一群人來到舞會上,你還是要找到自己的那­個舞伴。」文傑說。廣東女孩珂琪找到的舞­伴,是在武漢唸書的一位孝­感姑娘。珂琪沒有照微信名字稱­呼她,自始至終就叫她「小姐妹」。聯繫到孝感姑娘後,後者笑著說可以直接叫­她「肥肥」。在珂琪眼裡,肥肥爽直、性子急,像另一個自己。「她在武漢讀書,好不容易回到孝感,她爸媽也不讓她出門,她都快憋壞了。群裡聊起武漢時,她就是最活躍的,是一個很愛玩的女生。」

愛玩的肥肥1月22日­夜裡刷手機,看到網上有人說封城,立馬起來收拾東西,凌晨2時半,居然叫到了一部滴滴去­火車站。「對方說平時這個點我不­會接單的,但是今天要去高鐵站接­朋友,順便就接一個

 ??  ?? 紐約的老鼠逐漸適應人­類生活,漸漸喜歡吃貝果。
(本報資料照片)
紐約的老鼠逐漸適應人­類生活,漸漸喜歡吃貝果。 (本報資料照片)

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