High blood pressure

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Generally, the higher the blood pressure the greater the risk. Blood pressure is normally expressed as two figures, one over the other (eg 150/85) and measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg). The higher figure refers to the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts (the systolic pressure), and the lower figure refers to pressure in the arteries between heartbeats (the diastolic pressure). High blood pressure is usually diagnosed when it is consistently measured as 140/90 or above in a GP surgery or 135/85 when measured at home. It isn’t always as simple as that and your doctor will take into account many other factors such as age, sex, preexisting conditions, other risk factors and lifestyle before making a firm diagnosis of hypertension.

About 30 per cent of people 45–54 years of age have blood pressure that is at least 140/90mmHg, increasing to 70 per cent of people 75 years of age or older. High blood pressure does not usually cause any symptoms, but if left untreated it increases the risk of heart attack or stroke and can damage the circulation, heart and kidneys. Every patient is different and treatment options should be discussed with individuals, but medication and lifestyle changes will usually be prescribed. Regular exercise is an important and effective way of managing blood pressure, and cycling is one of the best ways of achieving this. A previously inactive hypertensive patient who starts to exercise for 30 minutes at least five times a week can expect to see a drop in systolic blood pressure of 2-10mmHg. This is independent of any other lifestyle changes. Cycling is excellent at preventing hypertension and this effect seems to be dose-dependent. Research has shown that the more cycling you do, the less likely you are to be diagnosed with hypertension. With blood pressures below 179/99 cycling is safe, but should be introduced or increased gradually. Bear in mind that blood pressure will briefly increase during intense exertion, so avoid sprinting or taking on anything too steep until readings have reached recommended safe levels. If medication is used to treat hypertension, be aware of any side effects such as dizziness or fatigue before riding and check with your doctor if you’re unsure.