FENNEL

Rich in flavonoids, volatile oils, coumarins and phenolic compounds, fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare) has calming effects on the digestive system, relieving bloating, flatulence and abdominal discomfort. Breastfeeding mothers have used it to improve milk flow, and the therapeutic effects of fennel can be passed on to babies experiencing colic. Fennel is also traditionally used to treat heartburn, water retention and respiratory congestion, including catarrh and coughing. An infusion of the crushed seeds can be made and drunk as a tea.

Fennel is easy to grow in a sunny spot in moist but well-drained soil. Add compost to the soil before planting, and top up once a year. In very hot areas, a little afternoon shade is beneficial to prevent wilting. Plants send up umbels of yellow flowers in summer, which eventually go to seed. Harvest the seeds as soon as the flower heads change from yellow-green to brown. Snip off a seed head and place it in a paper bag. Put the bag in a warm, dry room and allow the seeds to dry completely. While still in the bag, shake the seed head to dislodge the seeds.